General structure of (primary) diamines. The primary amino groups (NH2) are marked blue, R is a divalent organic radical (e.g. a para-phenylene group).
6 carbon backbone: hexamethylenediamine (hexane-1,6-diamine, HMD). HMD and other long chain diamines can be prepared by hydrocyanation to give dinitrile, which can be hydrogenated.[6]
Geminal diamines (1,1-diamines) are an unusual class of diamines mainly of academic interest. Bis(dimethylamino)methane ([(CH3)2N]2CH2) is a stable example.
Geminal diamines with N-H bonds are particularly rare. They are invoked as intermediates in transimination reactions and the reduction of amidines. In aqueous conditions they preferentially eliminate the less basic amine to leave an iminium ion.[8] Some stable geminal diamines have been isolated.[9] The parent gem-diamine is methylenediamine (diaminomethane), which again is mainly of theoretical interest.
↑ Saibabu Kotti, S. R. S.; Timmons, Cody; Li, Guigen (2006). "Vicinal Diamino Functionalities as Privileged Structural Elements in Biologically Active Compounds and Exploitation of their Synthetic Chemistry". Chemical Biology & Drug Design. 67 (2): 101–114. doi:10.1111/j.1747-0285.2006.00347.x. PMID16492158.
↑ Robert A. Smiley "Phenylene- and Toluenediamines" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_405
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