Diazolidinyl urea

Last updated
Diazolidinyl urea
Diazolidinyl urea correct formula.png
newly determined structure
Diazolidinyl urea erroneous formula.png
"traditional" structure
Names
IUPAC names
1-[3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl]-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea (new)
1-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl]-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea (old)
Other names
Diazolidinylurea
Germall II
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.071.732 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 278-928-2
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C8H14N4O7/c13-1-9-7(18)10(2-14)5-6(17)12(4-16)8(19)11(5)3-15/h5,13-16H,1-4H2,(H,9,18) Yes check.svgY
    Key: SOROIESOUPGGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
  • InChI=1/C8H14N4O7/c13-1-9-7(18)10(2-14)5-6(17)12(4-16)8(19)11(5)3-15/h5,13-16H,1-4H2,(H,9,18)
    Key: SOROIESOUPGGFO-UHFFFAOYAO
  • O=C1N(C(=O)C(N(C(=O)NCO)CO)N1CO)CO
Properties
C8H14N4O7
Molar mass 278.22 g/mol
Hazards GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg [1]
GHS labelling:
Warning
H317
P261, P272, P280, P302+P352, P321, P333+P313, P363, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704.svgHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oilInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
1
0
Related compounds
Related compounds
Imidazolidinyl urea
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Yes check.svgY  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Diazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics. It is chemically related to imidazolidinyl urea which is used in the same way. Diazolidinyl urea acts as a formaldehyde releaser.

Contents

It is used in many cosmetics, skin care products, shampoos and conditioners, as well as a wide range of products including bubble baths, baby wipes and household detergents. Diazolidinyl urea is found in the commercially available preservative Germaben.

Commercial diazolidinyl urea is a mixture of different formaldehyde addition products including polymers. [2]

Chemistry

Synthesis

Diazolidinyl urea is produced by the chemical reaction of allantoin and formaldehyde in the presence of sodium hydroxide solution and heat. The reaction mixture is then neutralized with hydrochloric acid and evaporated:

Allantoin.svg + 4 H2C=O → Diazolidinyl urea correct formula.png

Structure

Diazolidinyl urea was poorly characterized until recently and the single Chemical Abstracts Service structure assigned to it is probably not the major one in the commercial material. Instead, new data indicate that one of the hydroxymethyl functional groups of the imidazolidine ring is attached to the carbon, rather than on the urea nitrogen atom: [2]

Diazolidinyl urea erroneous formula.png Diazolidinyl urea correct formula.png
Originally reported structureHoeck's revised structure

Safety

Some people have a contact allergy to imidazolidinyl urea causing dermatitis. [3] Such people are often also allergic to diazolidinyl urea.

In addition to being an allergen, it is a formaldehyde releaser, since it generates formaldehyde slowly as it degrades. Although the formaldehyde acts as a bactericidal preservative, it is a known carcinogen.

In 2005–06, it was the 14th-most-prevalent allergen in patch tests (3.7%). [4]

References

  1. HSNO Chemical Classification Information Database, New Zealand Environmental Risk Management Authority, retrieved 2009-09-06
  2. 1 2 Lehmann, Søren Vig; Hoeck, Ulla; Breinholdt, Jens; Olsen, Carl Erik; Kreilgaard, Bo (2006). "Characterization and chemistry of imidazolidinyl urea and diazolidinyl urea". Contact Dermatitis. 54 (1): 50–58. doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.00735.x. PMID   16426294.
  3. Review of toxicological data (NTP NIEHS)
  4. Zug, K. A.; Warshaw, E. M.; Fowler, J. F. Jr; Maibach, H. I.; Belsito, D. L.; Pratt, M. D.; Sasseville, D.; Storrs, F. J.; Taylor, J. S.; Mathias, C. G.; Deleo, V. A.; Rietschel, R. L.; Marks, J. (May–June 2009). "Patch-test results of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group 2005–2006". Dermatitis. 20 (3): 149–160.