D. Diogo Lopes de Sequeira (1465–1530) was a Portuguese fidalgo ,sent to analyze the trade potential in Madagascar and Malacca. He arrived at Malacca on 11 September 1509 and left the next year when he discovered that Sultan Mahmud Shah was planning his assassination. This gave Afonso de Albuquerque the opportunity to embark upon his expedition of conquests.
Sequeira was subsequently made governor of Portuguese India (1518–1522),and in 1520 led a military campaign into the Red Sea which hastened the first legitimate Portuguese embassy to Ethiopia. [1]
Afonso de Albuquerque,1st Duke of Goa,was a Portuguese general,admiral,and statesman. He served as viceroy of Portuguese India from 1509 to 1515,during which he expanded Portuguese influence across the Indian Ocean and built a reputation as a fierce and skilled military commander.
D. Vasco da Gama,1st Count of Vidigueira,was a Portuguese explorer and nobleman who was the first European to reach India by sea.
John III,nicknamed The Pious,was the King of Portugal and the Algarves from 1521 until his death in 1557. He was the son of King Manuel I and Maria of Aragon,the third daughter of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile. John succeeded his father in 1521 at the age of nineteen.
Fernão Pires de Andrade was a Portuguese merchant,pharmacist,and diplomat who worked under the explorer and colonial administrator Afonso de Albuquerque. His encounter with Ming China in 1517—after initial contacts by Jorge Álvares and Rafael Perestrello in 1513 and 1516,respectively—marked the resumption of direct European commercial and diplomatic contact with China.
Duarte Fernandes was a Portuguese diplomat,explorer,and was the first European to establish diplomatic relations with Thailand,when in 1511 he led a diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya Kingdom,after the Portuguese conquest of Malacca. His daughter,Maria Nunes,was also the maternal grandmother of philosopher Baruch Spinoza.
Sultan Mahmud Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah ruled the Sultanate of Malacca from 1488 to 1511,and again as pretender to the throne from 1513 to 1528. He was son to Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah. As a monarch,he was known to be ruthless ruler. After the capture of Malacca and the downfall of the century long sultanate;Mahmud left for Bintan and became a leader of a small confederacy which led attacks against Portuguese-occupied Malacca in the late 1510s. After retaliation from the Portuguese in 1526,he fled to Riau and died there in 1528.
Portuguese control of Malacca –a city on the Malay Peninsula–spanned a 130 year period from 1511 to 1641 as a possession of the Portuguese East Indies. It was captured from the Malacca Sultanate as part of Portuguese attempts to gain control of trade in the region. Although multiple attempts to conquer it were repulsed,the city was eventually lost to an alliance of Dutch and regional forces,thus beginning a period of Dutch rule.
ToméPires was a Portuguese apothecary,colonial administrator,and diplomat. In 1510 he was commissioned by the Portuguese court to serve as a "factor of drugs" in India,arriving at Cannanore in 1511. In 1512 he was sent to the port city of Malacca,recently captured by the Portuguese. There he served as the chief accountant for the royal factory. Upon his return to India in 1515,Pires was sent to China as ambassador from the King of Portugal to the Ming Court. His mission failed when the Chinese court refused to recognize him because of the increasingly hostile activities of Portuguese traders in the region. Pires never left China;he was either executed by the Chinese in 1524 or possibly banished for life to a remote Chinese province.
Portuguese maritime exploration resulted in the numerous territories and maritime routes recorded by the Portuguese as a result of their intensive maritime journeys during the 15th and 16th centuries. Portuguese sailors were at the vanguard of European exploration,chronicling and mapping the coasts of Africa and Asia,then known as the East Indies,and Canada and Brazil,in what came to be known as the Age of Discovery.
D. Duarte de Meneses was a 16th-century Portuguese nobleman and colonial administrator,Governor of Tangier from 1508 to 1521 and 1536 to 1539,and Governor of India from 1522 to 1524.
Flor do Mar or Flor de la Mar was a Portuguese nau (carrack) of 400 tons,which over nine years participated in decisive events in the Indian Ocean until her sinking in November 1511. Nobleman Afonso de Albuquerque was returning from the conquest of Malacca,bringing with him a large treasure trove for the Portuguese king,when the ship was lost off the coast of Sumatra. A replica of Flor do Mar is housed in the Maritime Museum in Malacca,Malaysia.
The Treaty of Zaragoza or Saragossa,also called the Capitulation of Zaragoza or Saragossa,was a peace treaty between Castile and Portugal,signed on 22 April 1529 by King John III of Portugal and the Habsburg emperor Charles V in the Aragonese city of Zaragoza. The treaty defined the areas of Castilian and Portuguese influence in Asia in order to resolve the "Moluccas issue",which had arisen because both kingdoms claimed the lucrative Spice Islands for themselves,asserting that they were within their area of influence as specified in 1494 by the Treaty of Tordesillas. The conflict began in 1520,when expeditions from both kingdoms reached the Pacific Ocean,because no agreed meridian of longitude had been established in the far east.
The Capture of Malacca in 1511 occurred when the governor of Portuguese India Afonso de Albuquerque conquered the city of Malacca in 1511.
The Portuguese conquest of Goa occurred when the governor Afonso de Albuquerque captured the city in 1510 from the Adil Shahis. Old Goa became the capital of Portuguese India,which included territories such as Fort Manuel of Cochin,Bom Bahia,Damaon,and Chaul. It was not among the places Albuquerque was supposed to conquer. He did so after he was offered the support and guidance of Timoji and his troops.
The Battle of Sincouwaan,also known as Battle of Veniaga Island,was a naval battle between the Ming dynasty coast guard and a Portuguese fleet led by Martim Afonso de Mello that occurred in 1522. The Ming court threatened to expel Portuguese traders from China after receiving news that the Malacca Sultanate,a Ming tributary,had been invaded by the Portuguese. In addition,the Portuguese had been conducting piracy,acquiring slaves on the Chinese coast to sell in Portuguese Malacca,and preventing other foreigners from trading in China. Portuguese traders were executed in China and a Portuguese embassy was arrested,with their freedom promised on the condition that the Portuguese returned Malacca to its sultan. Martim Afonso de Mello arrived at the Pearl River but was blockaded by a Ming fleet despite his offers of amends. After two weeks without being able to gain a foothold in China they decided to run the blockade and managed to escape with the loss of two ships and several dozen men. The battle was fought off the northwestern coast of Lantau Island,Hong Kong at a location called Sai Tso Wan today.
Diogo Fernandes Pereira,sometimes called simply Diogo Fernandes,was a Portuguese 16th-century navigator,originally from Setúbal,Portugal. Diogo Fernandes was the first known European captain to visit the island of Socotra in 1503 and the discoverer of the Mascarenes archipelago in 1507. He may also have been the first European to sail east of Madagascar island.
Pedro Lopes de Sousa was the 1st Governor of Portuguese Ceylon. The office of Captain-major was abolished in 1594 and de Sousa was appointed in the same year under Philip I of Portugal. He died that year in the Campaign of Danture.
The Portuguese presence in Asia was responsible for what would be the first of many contacts between European countries and the East,starting on May 20,1498 with the trip led by Vasco da Gama to Calicut,India. Aside from being part of the European colonisation of Southeast Asia in the 16th century,Portugal's goal in the Indian Ocean was to ensure their monopoly in the spice trade,establishing several fortresses and commercial trading posts.
Malay–Portuguese conflicts were military engagements between the forces of the Portuguese Empire and the various Malay states and dynasties,fought intermittently from 1509 to 1641 in the Malay Peninsula and Strait of Malacca.