| Diorygma isidiolichexanthonicum | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Graphidales |
| Family: | Graphidaceae |
| Genus: | Diorygma |
| Species: | D. isidiolichexanthonicum |
| Binomial name | |
| Diorygma isidiolichexanthonicum Aptroot (2020) | |
 | |
| Holotype: Joinville, Brazil [1] | |
Diorygma isidiolichexanthonicum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. [2] It is found in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil.
The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2020 by the Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by the author from the Recanto das Nascentes Divina in Joinville (Santa Catarina); there, in the Atlantic Forest, it was found growing on tree bark. The species epithet refers to both the frequent isidia and the presence of lichexanthone, a lichen product that causes the thallus of the lichen to fluoresce when lit with a long-wavelength ultraviolet light (UV+). The presence of isidia is somewhat rare in Diorygma ; [1] D. australasicum and D. isidiatum are the only other members of the genus that have these reproductive propagules. [1] [3]
Diorygma isidiolichexanthonicum is distinguished by its corticolous thallus, which is continuous, lacks a cortex , and has a dull, pale ochraceous colouration, with a thickness of up to 0.2 mm. The thallus is surrounded by a thin black prothallus, while the underlying hypothallus is dense, black, and brittle, measuring approximately 0.1 mm thick. Soredia are absent in this species, but it features numerous isidia that cover the majority of the central thallus area. These isidia are cylindrical in shape, ranging from simple to irregularly branched, and vary in height from 0.1 to 0.7 mm, with a consistent width of around 0.1 mm. The photobiont associated with Diorygma isidiolichexanthonicum is trentepohlioid –a type of green algae. Reproductive structures such as ascomata and pycnidia have not been observed in this species. [1]
Diorygma microsporum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It was described as new to science in 2011. It has a neotropical distribution, and has been collected in Florida, Colombia, Brazil, and India. Notable for its small ascospores, this lichen thrives in undisturbed rainforests and serves as an indicator of forest health.
Diorygma sticticum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It was described as new to science in 2011. It is found in lowland rainforests in Thailand, and in southwestern India.
Tapellaria isidiata is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. Found in Cameroon, it was described as a new species in 2021 by lichenologists Klaus Kalb and André Aptroot. The type was collected from Campo, where it was found growing on tree bark on a beach. The lichen has a glossy, mineral-grey thallus with whitish patches, and is bordered by a black hypothallus measuring 0.2–0.6 mm wide. The specific epithet isidiata refers to the presence of isidia, a characteristic of this species: it is the first in genus Tapellaria to have vegetative propagules. The lichen is unreactive to standard chemical spot tests.
Lepra lichexanthonorstictica is a species of crustose and corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Pertusariaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2021 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by Aptroot from the summit area of Quiriri (Garuva), at an altitude of 1,350 m (4,430 ft); here it was found growing on the bark of a pine tree. The lichen is named after its two major secondary compounds, lichexanthone and norstictic acid. Lepra lichexanthonorstictica has a thin, smooth and glossy thallus ranging in colour from white to very pale yellowish. The thallus has discrete, rounded soralia measuring about 0.5–0.9 mm in diameter.
Acanthothecis latispora is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by Shirley Cunha Feuerstein and André da Silveira. The type specimen was collected by the first author from Turvo State Park. Here the lichen was growing on branches in open areas of the Atlantic Forest. It has a whitish to greenish thallus with a black prothallus. Its asci contain a single ascospore; the spores are densely muriform and measure 82–100 by 27–35 μm. The specific epithet refers to the wide spores. Acanthothecis latispora contains norstictic and stictic acids; these are lichen products that are detectable using thin-layer chromatography.
Carbacanthographis aptrootii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Yunnan, China, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by Shirley Cunha Feuerstein and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected in Xishuangbanna Primeval Forest Park at an altitude of 600 m (2,000 ft). It is only known to occur at the type locality. It has a greyish to yellowish grey thallus that lacks both a cortex and a prothallus. It contains norstictic acid, a lichen product that can be detected using thin-layer chromatography. The collector of the type, Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot, is honoured in the specific epithet "for his numerous, important contributions to tropical lichenology".
Pseudochapsa aptrootiana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2018 by Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres, Thamires Almeida Pereira, and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected from Mata do Cipó at an elevation of 80–100 m (260–330 ft); here, in an Atlantic Rainforest remnant, it was found in the forest understory. It has a light grey thallus lacking a prothallus and a cortex. Its ascospores, which number eight per ascus, are oblong to spindle-shaped (fusiform) with between 11 and 15 septa and measure 30–35 by 7–8 μm. Lichen products that occur in Pseudochapsa aptrootiana include stictic and constictic acid as major or submajor metabolites, and minor to trace amounts of cryptostictic, hypostictic, and acetylhypoconstictic acids. The species epithet honours Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot, "for his invaluable contributions to tropical lichenology".
Diorygma incantatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in northern and southern Brazil.
Diorygma pauciseptatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as new to science in 2014 as a collaborative effort by several lichenologists: Shirley Feuerstein, Iane Cunha, André Aptroot, and Marcela Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the first author from Fazenda São Paulo, where it was found growing on tree bark. The lichen has an opaque, irregular, yellowish-green thallus that lacks soredia and isidia. It is characterised from other Diorygma species by its ascospores, which measure 28–32 by 7 μm and have from 7 to 9 transverse septa; this species has ascospores with the fewest septa in the genus. Additionally, this species contains norstictic and connorstictic acids, which are lichen products that can be detected using thin-layer chromatography.
Physcidia striata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), microfoliose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. Found in South America, it was formally described as a new species in 2014 by lichenologists André Aptroot, Marcela Cáceres, and Einar Timdal. The type specimen was collected by the first two authors from the Estação Ecológica de Cuniã (Rondônia), where it was found growing on the smooth bark of a tree in a primary rainforest. It also occurs in Peru. The thallus of the lichen is a loose mat of squamules (scales) without a hypothallus. Its lobes are smooth, flat, branched, and greyish-green, measuring 2–7 mm long by 0.5–1.5 mm wide. The species epithet striata refers to the faint longitudinal striations that are present on the lobe undersides. Isidia occur on the thallus surface; they are the same colour as the thallus, with dimensions of 0.3–0.7 mm long by 0.1–0.2 mm wide. When they are abraded, it reveals the whitish colour of the underlying medulla. The lichen contains divaricatic acid, a lichen product that is revealed with the use of thin-layer chromatography.
Chiodecton xanthonosorediatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. It is native to Brazil, where it occurs in the Atlantic Forest. The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2020 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by the author from Serra da Bodoquena at an altitude of 460 m (1,510 ft).
Acanthotrema alboisidiatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Described as a new species in 2014, it is primarily distinguished by its striking white isidia that contrast with its light olive-green thallus. The lichen was recognized as a new species despite the absence of ascomata and ascospores, usually crucial for taxonomic identification. Its DNA sequence data confirms its place in the Acanthotrema genus but distinguishes it from other known members of this genus. The species grows up to a diameter of 5 cm (2 in) and bears short, white isidiate outgrowths that resemble insect eggs. The lichen appears to favour the shaded understory of Tabonuco forests in El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico, particularly towards the base of Dacryodes excelsa trees.
Arthonia isidiata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. Found in Central America, it is characterized by its thin, shiny thallus, and isidia that emerge from the surface. Discovered in Costa Rica's Corcovado National Park, and later recorded from Panama, this species thrives in lowland tropical coastal rainforests on smooth bark of smaller, often young trees.
Neosergipea hyphosa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Roccellaceae. This lichen species is uniquely characterised by its olive-green thallus—a type of vegetative tissue—and spherical ascomata, or fungal reproductive structures. It is most commonly found on tree bark in Brazil. The name hyphosa alludes to the distinct hyphose surface of the thallus.
Allographa anguilliradians is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It has been found in Trinidad and Tobago and Central-West Brazil. Its thallus covers an area of 3 to 7 cm in diameter with a slim profile and a variable surface texture, with a distinct metallic pale grey-olive colour without a prothallus. Its reproductive structures, known as lirellae, form a star-like pattern with black, carbonised outer layers and clear, colourless hymenium, while its ascospores are oblong and segmented, reacting violet-blue to iodine-based stains.
Rinodina maronisidiata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Physciaceae, first described in 2018. Found at high altitudes in the Venezuelan Andes, it is characterised by its unique isidia-covered thallus and specific ascospore morphology.
Malmidea allobakeri is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Malmideaceae. It is found in Venezuela.
Malmidea leucopiperis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Malmideaceae. It is found in Brazil.
Schistophoron muriforme is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae, first described in 2016. Found in Sri Lanka, it is characterised by its pale yellowish-white thallus and muriformascospores.
Porina monilisidiata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trichotheliaceae, first described in 2016. This species is characterised by its shiny, olive-green thallus with numerous isidia and low conical ascomata.