Donatus of Fiesole | |
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| Bishop | |
| Born | Ireland |
| Died | 876 AD |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church |
| Major shrine | Fiesole Cathedral |
| Feast | 22 October |
| Attributes | depicted in the garb of a bishop with an Irish wolfhound at his feet; also shown pointing out a church to his deacon Andrew the Scot |
Donatus of Fiesole (died 876) was an Irish teacher and poet, and Bishop of Fiesole.
Donatus was born in Ireland to noble parents towards the end of the eighth century. Despite there being little biographical detail in the tenth/eleventh-century Vita sancti Donati episcopi, Donatus is one of the better documented of the Irish peregrini. [1]
There is reason to believe that he was educated in the monastic school of Inishcaltra, a little island in Lough Derg, near the Galway shore, now better known as Holy Island: so he was probably a native of that part of the country. He became a priest and in course of time a bishop: he was greatly distinguished as a professor. [2]
According to William Turner, writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia , in an ancient collection of the Vitae Patrum, of which an eleventh-century copy exists in the Laurentian Library of Florence, there is an account of the life of Donatus, which states that about 816 Donatus visited the tombs of the Apostles in Rome with his friend, Andrew Scotus. They remained in Rome for a considerable time and then set out once more, directing their steps now towards Tuscany, till at length they reached Fiesole, [3] where they entered the hospice of the monastery, intending to rest there for a week or two, and then to resume their journey. [2]
In 829 Donatus was elected bishop of Fiesole. The traditional account relates that the people were praying to be sent a bishop to replace one drowned by the feudal lords. [4] When Donatus entered the Cathedral of Saint Romulus, the bells spontaneously began ringing and the candles lit. The people took that for a sign their prayers had been heard. [5] It is also possible that no locals wanted the position given the fate of its previous incumbent. [4]
Raised by popular acclaim to the See of Fiesole, [6] Donatus made Andrew his archdeacon. He encouraged Andrew to restore the church of San Martino di Mensola and to found a monastery there. [7]
Donatus founded a school in Florence under the patronage of Lothair, where he taught grammar and metrical composition for many years. [3] In 840, he led a contingent of troops against the Saracens. He was in Rome in 844 when Louis II was crowned King of Italy, and for his subsequent coronation as emperor in 850. [1] Also in 850, he gave the Church St. Brigid at Piacenza, to Columbanus' abbey at Bobbio, [8] provided that they establish there a hospice for Irish pilgrims. Piacenza was an important stop on the Via Francigena. He joined the king and the pope in judging a dispute between the bishops of Arezzo and Siena. He also attended the Roman synod of Pope Nicholas I on 18 November 861. [9]
The church of Fiesole had suffered much in its property and prerogatives from the emperors, and the Normans had destroyed its charters. Donatus applied for redress to the emperor Louis, who in 866 granted his request. A confirmation of this grant was obtained subsequently by Donatus from Charles the Bald at Placentia, with the condition annexed that anyone who infringed it should pay the church thirty pounds of gold. [5] Donatus served as a bishop, teacher, and public administrator for forty-seven years.
He was buried in the cathedral, where his epitaph, dictated by himself, may still be seen. [10] In it he alludes to his birth in Ireland, his years in the service of the princes of Italy (Lothair and Louis), his episcopate at Fiesole, and his activity as a teacher of grammar and poetry. [3]
Donatus did much to promote the cult of Brigid of Kildare and composed a metrical "Life of the St. Brigid". When it was printed by Colgan in 1647, the text was attributed to Coelan, an Irish monk of the eighth century, and only its foreword, which refers to previous Lives by Ultan and Aileran, was ascribed to the pen of Donatus. [11]
His Life of Saint Brigid is interspersed with short lyrical poems. The best known of these is the twelve-line poem in which he describes the beauty and fertility of his native land, and the prowess and piety of its inhabitants.
Like Columkille, Donatus always cherished a tender regretful love for Ireland; and like him also he wrote a short poem in praise of it which is still preserved. It is in Latin, and the following is a translation, made by a Dublin poet many years ago:
Far westward lies an isle of ancient fame, By nature bless'd; and Scotia is her name,
Enroll'd in books: exhaustless is her store, Of veiny silver, and of golden ore.
Her fruitful soil, for ever teems with wealth, With gems her waters, and her air with health;
Her verdant fields with milk and honey flow; Her woolly fleeces vie with virgin snow;
Her waving furrows float with bearded corn; And arms and arts her envied sons adorn!
No savage bear, with lawless fury roves, Nor fiercer lion, through her peaceful groves;
No poison there infects, no scaly snake Creeps through the grass, nor frog annoys the lake;
An island worthy of its pious race, In war triumphant, and unmatch'd in peace! [2]
According to Donatus, St. Brigid visited his deathbed to give him spiritual strength and comfort. (A similar story is told of his archdeacon Andrew, whose sister Bridget, miraculously arrives from Ireland shortly before his death.) Donatus' story, preserved in manuscript in the Laurentian Library in Florence, recounts that Brigid flew to his deathbed, and before she touched him, she hung her cloak on a sunbeam to dry. [12]
His feast day is 22 October. [8] The numerous locations and churches incorporating his name, San Donato, provide evidence of his influence and popularity throughout Tuscany. [10] His remains lie buried in an altar dedicated to him in the Cattedrale di San Romolo, (Duomo di Fiesole). [13]
Pope Victor II, born Gebhard of Dollnstein-Hirschberg, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 April 1055 until his death in 1057. Victor II was one of a series of German-born popes who led the Gregorian Reform.
Mino da Fiesole, also known as Mino di Giovanni, was an Italian Renaissance sculptor from Poppi, Tuscany. He is noted for his portrait busts.
Saint Brigid of Kildare or Saint Brigid of Ireland is the patroness saint of Ireland, and one of its three national saints along with Patrick and Columba. According to medieval Irish hagiographies, she was an abbess who founded the important abbey of Kildare, as well as several other monasteries of nuns. There are few documented historical facts about her, and her hagiographies are mainly anecdotes and miracle tales, some of which are Christianisations of hero tales from Irish mythology. They say Brigid was the daughter of an Irish clan chief and an enslaved Christian woman, and was fostered in a druid's household before becoming a consecrated virgin. She is patroness of many things, including poetry, learning, healing, protection, blacksmithing, livestock and dairy production. In her honour, a perpetual fire was kept burning at Kildare for centuries.
Fiesole is a town and comune of the Metropolitan City of Florence in the Italian region of Tuscany, on a scenic height above Florence, 5 km northeast of that city. It has structures dating to Etruscan and Roman times.
Antoninus of Florence, was an Italian Dominican friar who served as Archbishop of Florence in the 15th century. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church.
The House of Corsini is the name of an old and influential Italian princely family, originally from Florence, whose members were elected to many important political and ecclesiastical positions, including that of a Pope.
Andrea Corsini was an Italian Catholic prelate and professed member from the Carmelites who served as the Bishop of Fiesole from 1349 until his death.
Bobbio Abbey is a monastery founded by Irish Saint Columbanus in 614, around which later grew up the town of Bobbio, in the province of Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. It is dedicated to Saint Columbanus. It was famous as a centre of resistance to Arianism and as one of the greatest libraries in the Middle Ages. The abbey was dissolved under the French administration in 1803, although many of the buildings remain in other uses.
Andrew the Scot was the Irish-born student and assistant of Donatus of Fiesole. He served as archdeacon of Fiesole under Bishop Donatus.
The Diocese of Fiesole is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence.
The Diocese of Volterra is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Tuscany, central Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa.
The Diocese of Pistoia is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church located in the Province of Florence. It has existed since the third century. From 1653 to 1954, the historic diocese was the diocese of Pistoia and Prato. The Diocese of Prato has been separate from 1954. The diocese is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Florence.
The diocese of Cortona was a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in central Italy, which existed from 1325 to 1986. It was immediately subject to the Holy See.
The Diocese of Arezzo-Cortona-Sansepolcro is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church. It has existed since 1986. In that year the historic diocese of Arezzo was combined with the diocese of Cortona and the diocese of Sansepolcro, the enlarged diocese being suffragan of the archdiocese of Florence.
Saint Romulus of Fiesole was bishop of Fiesole during the 1st century. He is venerated as the patron saint of Fiesole, Italy. Romulus was probably a local deacon, priest, or bishop of the 1st century.
Saint Donatus of Arezzo is the patron saint of Arezzo, and considered a bishop of the city.
San Donato is the Spanish and Italian form of Saint Donatus. It can refer to:
St. Bridget of Fiesole is an Irish Saint whose festival is celebrated in Italy on 1 February.
The Diocesan Seminary of Fiesole is a former Roman Catholic seminary in Fiesole, Italy. Founded in the 17th century, the seminary was run by the Diocese of Fiesole until it was closed in 1970. Today, the seminary retains several pieces of historically significant art and library collections.
The Piazza Madonna is a tempera on panel painting, dating to 1474-1486 and held in Pistoia Cathedral.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain . Olden, Thomas (1885–1900). "Donatus". Dictionary of National Biography . London: Smith, Elder & Co.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1888). "Donatus". Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 15. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
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