Dyspanopeus texanus

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Dyspanopeus texanus
Dyspanopeus texanus Texas PWD.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Suborder: Pleocyemata
Infraorder: Brachyura
Family: Panopeidae
Genus: Dyspanopeus
Species:
D. texanus
Binomial name
Dyspanopeus texanus
(Stimpson, 1859)  [1]

Dyspanopeus texanus (formerly Panopeus texanus or Neopanope texana) is a species of crab known as the Texas mud crab. [2]

Contents

Overview

Dyspanopeus texanus are an organism that is found in the phylum Arthropoda, subphylum Crustacea, order of Decapoda, and finally in the newly erected superfamily: Xanthiadae. This new family was adopted before the 2000s by crustacean workers and has continued to gain acceptance over the last few decades. However, some other crustacean scientists have pointed out the inconsistent criteria upon which generic distinctions of xanthoid crabs are based. The differences between carapaces (shell) and cheliped (distinct, large claw appendage) morphology remain unclear. It is because of this, and the lack of information about the larval and postlarval stages of certain xanthoids that the families distinguishing different xanthoids have shifted so much over time. [3]

Physical description

The Dyspanopeus texanus have a generally similar body to many other crustaceans. Its main carapace is a hexagonal shape with rivets on the sides closest to its eyes. D. texanus has four appendages on each side of its body, which are used for walking and swimming. There is a fifth appendage on each side of the crab closest to its eyes, which are called the chelipeds. These appendages have a relatively medium to small sized claw at the ends of them, which are used to attack prey. In many other species of crabs, one of these main claws are usually extremely large and are used to fight other males in order to gain the attention of females for mating. [4]

Distribution

The Dyspanopeus texanus are also one of the most abundant and dominant crab species in the coastal lagoons of southwestern Gulf of Mexico, including Términos, Tamiahua, and Madre. The Texas Mud Carbs are also known as euryhaline species, which means that they can adapt to wide ranges of salinity, which is why they have been historically found living on macroalgae, seagrasses, and submerged aquatic vegetation. [5] In a study using different Carbon isotopes to determine the trophic levels of different xanthoid carbs, it found that D. texanus occupy the higher trophic levels in these ecosystems, meaning their diets are likely to consist of mostly primary producers like zooplankton and red algae. [6]

Reproduction

Knowledge of the reproduction of xanthoid crabs is quite sparse. The only information that could be acquired of the D. texanus, as observed in the Laguna de Términos, was that they are sexually mature at sizes as small as five millimeters wide. That’s a little more than an eighth of an inch on a ruler, barely a thumbnail’s width. [7]

For another Xanthid crab called Neopanope sayi, there is a bit more information on the matter. For the males of their species, the reproductive system consists of the tests, vasa deferentia, penes, and pleopods. “Nonmotile spermatozoa” leave the testes as individual cells, which are encapsulated within the anterior vasa deferentia. The spermatophores that result are transparent, delicate sphere about 0.2 millimeters in diameter. Spermatophores contain several hundred gametes that are stored in the median vasa deferentia until the males release them to fertilize a female’s egg. [8]

The females of the Neopanope sayi have a vagina, vulva, and two-lobed ovaries: one extending above their hepatopancreas and the other along the side of their digestive tract. Just before the females begin releasing their eggs into the water (spawning), their ovaries contain a large number of dark green eggs. When these species copulates, the males’ spermatophores are pumped by a “piston-like” motion of a pleopod into the gonopod, which are likely transferred to the females’ vagina. [8]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Japanese spider crab</span> Species of crab

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Decapod anatomy</span> Entire structure of a decapod crustacean

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Latreilliidae</span> Family of crabs

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<i>Xantho hydrophilus</i> Species of crab

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<i>Dyspanopeus sayi</i> Species of crab

Dyspanopeus sayi is a species of mud crab that is native to the Atlantic coast of North America. It has also become established outside its native range, living in Swansea Docks since 1960, the Mediterranean Sea since the 1970s, the North Sea since 2007 and the Black Sea since 2010. It can reach a carapace width of 20 mm (0.8 in), and has black tips to its unequal claws. It feeds on bivalves and barnacles, and is in turn eaten by predators including the Atlantic blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. Eggs are produced from spring to autumn, the offspring reach sexual maturity the following summer, and individuals can live for up to two years. The closest relative of D. sayi is D. texanus, which lives in the Gulf of Mexico; the two species differ in subtle features of the genitalia and the last pair of walking legs.

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References

  1. Peter Davie (2013). "Dyspanopeus texanus (Stimpson, 1859)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved June 14, 2013.
  2. "Detailed Record for Neopanope texana". Animal Genome Size Database. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  3. Schubart, C. D.; Neigel, J. E.; Felder, D. L. (2000-08-01). "Molecular phylogeny of mud crabs (Brachyura: Panopeidae) from the northwestern Atlantic and the role of morphological stasis and convergence". Marine Biology. 137 (1): 11–18. doi:10.1007/s002270000325. ISSN   1432-1793. S2CID   83718161.
  4. "Gulf grassflat crab, Dyspanopeus texanus". txmarspecies.tamug.edu. Retrieved 2022-04-25.
  5. "Distribution Patterns of Tropical Estuarine Brachyuran Crabs in the Gulf of Mexico". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 17 (4): 609–620. 1997. doi: 10.1163/193724097x00044 .
  6. Raz-Guzmán, A.; De-la-Lanza, G. (1993-03-06). "δ 13C of zooplankton, decapod crustaceans and amphipods from Laguna de Terminos, Campeche (Mexico), with reference to food sources and trophic position". Ciencias Marinas. 19 (2): 245–264. doi: 10.7773/cm.v19i2.925 . ISSN   2395-9053.
  7. Sánchez, A.J.; Raz-Guzman, A. (November 1997). "Distribution Patterns of Tropical Estuarine Brachyuran Crabs in the Gulf of Mexico". Journal of Crustacean Biology . 17 (4): 609–20. doi: 10.1163/193724097x00044 . JSTOR   1549364.
  8. 1 2 Swartz, Richard C. (1978). "Reproductive and Molt Cycles in the Xanthid Crab, Neopanope sayi (Smith, 1869)". Crustaceana . 34 (1): 15–32. doi:10.1163/156854078X00529. ISSN   0011-216X. JSTOR   20103245.