Echinostoma miyagawai | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Platyhelminthes |
Class: | Trematoda |
Order: | Plagiorchiida |
Family: | Echinostomatidae |
Genus: | Echinostoma |
Species: | E. miyagawai |
Binomial name | |
Echinostoma miyagawai Ishii, 1932 | |
Synonyms [1] | |
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Echinostoma miyagawai is a species of echinostome parasite that is found in Europe, [1] Southeast Asia [2] [3] and Japan. [4]
It can use multiple aquatic snail species as first intermediate host, such as Planorbis planorbis , Anisus vortex , and Radix peregra . The definitive host species include the wild duck, the tufted duck, the domestic chicken, and the brown rat. [1] [3] In the definitive host it resides in the small intestine, cecum, and rectum. [3] In Thailand and Laos E. miyagawai, is more common parasite of free-living ducks than E. revolutum . [2]
Genetic analysis has shown that the species can be subdivided into two different lineages; a Eurasian lineage and an Australian lineage. The latter includes individuals from Australia and the Americas. Genetic exchange within these lineages over such long distances is possible through distribution by birds. [2] However, it has also been suggested that the Eurasian lineage might actually present a distinct species. [5]
Furthermore, Echinostoma miyagawai is a cryptic species and there is still debate about whether E. miyagawai and E. robustum should be considered as one species, or two separate species. [2] [3] [6] The TkD1Int5 sequence implies two individual species, [7] but the results from the mitochondrial genes cytochrome c oxidase, and NADH dehydrogenase are less clear. [2] [3] This debate is further complicated by the notion that hybridisation between the two species might occur. [7]
According to the World Register of Marine Species, Echinostoma miyagawai has been seen in the following hosts: [8]
Echinostoma is a genus of trematodes (flukes), which can infect both humans and other animals. These intestinal flukes have a three-host life cycle with snails or other aquatic organisms as intermediate hosts, and a variety of animals, including humans, as their definitive hosts.
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Echinostomatidae is a family of trematodes in the order Plagiorchiida, first described in 1899.
The miracidium is the second stage in the life cycle of trematodes. When trematode eggs are laid and come into contact with fresh water, they hatch and release miracidium. In this phase, miracidia are ciliated and free-swimming. This stage is completed upon coming in contact with, and entering into, a suitable intermediate host for the purposes of asexual reproduction. Many different species of Trematoda exist, expressing some variation in the physiology and appearance of the miracidia. The various trematode species implement similar strategies to increase their chances of locating and colonizing a new host.
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