Genetic analysis has shown that the species can be subdivided into two different lineages; a Eurasian lineage and an Australian lineage. The latter includes individuals from Australia and the Americas. Genetic exchange within these lineages over such long distances is possible through distribution by birds.[2] However, it has also been suggested that the Eurasian lineage might actually present a distinct species.[5]
Furthermore, Echinostoma miyagawai is a cryptic species and there is still debate about whether E. miyagawai and E. robustum should be considered as one species, or two separate species.[2][3][6] The TkD1Int5 sequence implies two individual species,[7] but the results from the mitochondrial genes cytochrome c oxidase, and NADH dehydrogenase are less clear.[2][3] This debate is further complicated by the notion that hybridisation between the two species might occur.[7]
1 2 3 Faltýnková, Anna; Georgieva, Simona; Soldánová, Miroslava; Kostadinova, Aneta (2015). "A re-assessment of species diversity within the 'revolutum' group of Echinostoma Rudolphi, 1809 (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in Europe". Systematic Parasitology. 90 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1007/s11230-014-9530-3. PMID25557744. S2CID6353039.
1 2 3 4 5 Nagataki, Mitsuru; Tantrawatpan, Chairat; Agatsuma, Takeshi; Sugiura, Tetsuro; Duenngai, Kunyarat; Sithithaworn, Paiboon; Andrews, Ross H.; Petney, Trevor N.; Saijuntha, Weerachai (2015). "Mitochondrial DNA sequences of 37 collar-spined echinostomes (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in Thailand and Lao PDR reveals presence of two species: Echinostoma revolutum and E. miyagawai". Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 35: 56–62. Bibcode:2015InfGE..35...56N. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2015.07.022. PMID26205690.
↑ Mohanta, Uday Kumar; Watanabe, Takuya; Ohari, Yuma; Itagaki, Tadashi (2020). "A rebuttal letter to letter to the editor by P. Heneberg on "Taxonomic comments on the validity of Echinostoma miyagawai Ishii, 1932 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae)"". Parasitology International. 74 101971. doi:10.1016/j.parint.2019.101971. PMID31421268. S2CID201057702.
1 2 Saijuntha, Weerachai; Tantrawatpan, Chairat; Agatsuma, Takeshi; Duenngai, Kunyarat; Sithithaworn, Paiboon; Petney, Trevor N.; Andrews, Ross H. (2020). "Intron sequence variation of the echinostomes (Trematoda; Echinostomatidae): implications for genetic investigations of the 37 collar-spined, Echinostoma miyagawai Ischii, 1932 and E. revolutum (Fröelich, 1802)". Parasitology Research. 119 (8): 2485–2494. doi:10.1007/s00436-020-06734-z. PMID32617724. S2CID220294891.
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