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Type of site | Travel guides |
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| Launched | 2013 |
There are five ecotourism pan-European routes crossing 35 countries in Europe that connect natural parks (national parks and regional parks) to either selected UNESCO heritage sites or biosphere reserves. [1]
In 1995, the European Federation of the Mountain (EFM) had a consultant represent EFM's concern with the rural development of its territories at an Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) workshop to research "niche markets and rural development." [2] Twenty country members of the OECD and the Council of Europe were represented to discuss the proposals from three experts from the private sector and five consultants from the Expert Committee Initiative Leader Europe. The OECD No. 48256 1995 published the summary of this workshop. In Chapter 5, Pierre Guerry, a consultant of the Federation, presents two new axes for rural areas: Quality Certification and Designations of Origin. [3] The consultant proposed to create a European network of cultural heritage to develop a sustainable rural economy.
In 1998, the Ecological Science division of UNESCO offered 120 accredited Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) and 250 national parks in Europe. The MAB and natural parks are interconnected to form the network of ecotourism pan-European routes.
The consultant asked the PhD students of the Alpine Geography Institute of Grenoble to establish the first map of this network, called the "European Touring Nature Map". The direction of this UNESCO Division gave written permission to the consultant to affix its logo to the European map. The first test was executed in the Aosta Valley, Italy, with the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) DG XVI in 2000. The European foldable map in four languages was published in 1,000 copies. On the back of the map, 51 local professionals were presented to facilitate the traveller's visits.
The tourism expert of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), after several hearings, responded favorably to the ten questions of the private initiative.
In 2005, a second test was executed in the region of Lake Tisza, Hungary. The jury was with the Swedish president of the group "Rural Economy and Sustainable Tourism" from the Assembly of European Regions, an NGO with a membership of 270 regions in Europe. Four counties, 73 villages and 150 local professionals signed the project charter. Some 5,000 maps in two languages were published. These maps had the first layout of the five European routes: Atlantic, Mediterranean, Nordic, Central and Western routes. The map was approved by the rural tourism group of the Assembly of European Regions.
The Minister of Planning and Hungarian Tourism gave a press conference from the print and two television channels on this as "an example to follow for all the regional territories in Europe wishing to promote their specificities".
In 2007, the Assembly of European Regions presented the project to the European Union to enable the local authorities to co-finance the project. The project could not continue to be financed from the European fund; the consultant, who is also the project initiative, chose to fund its own development.
In 2010, the NPS signed contracts with 630 private companies, mainly SMEs for local products, accommodations and sports activities.
In 2013, the ecotourism pan-European routes finalized the layout of the five routes across 36 countries, 230 regions, 154 stages and 180 sub-steps.
This route crosses 10 countries.
Portugal: 1 stage, 1 region
Spain: 6 stages, 12 sub-steps, 3 regions, 8 natural parks, 12 UNESCO sites, 3 pilgrimage sites
Andorra: 1 stage, 1 UNESCO site
France: 4 stages, 15 sub-steps, 3 regions, 9 natural parks, 8 UNESCO sites, 6 pilgrimage sites
Italy: 9 stages, 16 sub-steps, 12 regions, 21 natural parks, 22 UNESCO sites, 6 pilgrimage sites
Croatia: 1 stage, 5 sub-steps, 4 regions, 5 natural parks, 6 UNESCO sites
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 1 stage, 1 sub-step, 1 region, 1 natural park, 1 UNESCO site, 2 pilgrimage sites
Montenegro: 1 stage, 1 sub-step, 1 region, 2 natural parks, 1 UNESCO site
Albania: 2 stages, 6 sub-steps, 6 regions, 1 natural park, 2 UNESCO sites
Greece: 1 stage, 5 sub-steps, 3 regions, 5 natural parks, 4 UNESCO sitesThis route crosses five countries.
Portugal: 3 stages, 11 sub-steps, 3 regions, 5 natural parks, 7 UNESCO sites, 1 pilgrimage site Spain: 3 stages, 13 sub-steps, 4 regions, 8 natural parks, 4 UNESCO sites, 3 pilgrimage sites France: 11 stages, 34 sub-steps, 7 regions, 12 natural parks, 4 UNESCO sites, 10 pilgrimage sites
United Kingdom: 9 stages, 28 sub-steps, 17 regions, 16 natural parks, 14 UNESCO sites, 1 pilgrimage site
Ireland: 3 stages, 13 sub-steps, 3 regions, 4 natural parks, 1 UNESCO site, 1 pilgrimage siteThis route crosses 13 countries.
France: 6 stages, 20 sub-steps, 4 regions, 9 natural parks, 7 UNESCO sites, 5 pilgrimage sites
Belgium: 1 stage, 5 sub-steps, 3 regions, 1 natural park, 8 UNESCO sites, 1 pilgrimage site
Netherlands: 3 stages, 13 sub-steps, 8 regions, 9 natural parks, 6 UNESCO sites, 1 pilgrimage site
Germany: 3 stages, 9 sub-steps, 3 regions, 7 natural parks, 3 UNESCO sites, 1 pilgrimage site
Denmark: 1 stage, 1 sub-step, 1 region, 1 UNESCO site
Sweden: 4 stages, 10 sub-steps, 4 regions, 6 natural parks, 4 UNESCO sites
Norway: 6 stages, 8 sub-steps, 4 regions, 8 natural parks, 4 UNESCO sites, 1 pilgrimage site
Finland: 7 stages, 14 sub-steps, 7 regions, 14 natural parks, 4 UNESCO sites
Estonia: 2 stages, 5 sub-steps, 6 regions, 3 natural parks, 1 UNESCO site
Latvia: 1 stage, 6 sub-steps, 2 regions, 2 natural parks, 1 UNESCO site
Lithuania: 1 stage, 4 sub-steps, 2 regions, 5 natural parks, 1 pilgrimage site
Russia: 1 stage
Poland: 3 stages, 6 sub-steps, 1 region, 1 natural park, 2 UNESCO sites, 1 pilgrimage siteThis route crosses 14 countries.
France: 5 stages, 22 sub-steps, 2 regions, 10 natural parks, 2 UNESCO sites, 8 pilgrimage sites Italy: 3 stages, 7 sub-steps, 3 regions, 8 natural parks, 3 UNESCO sites, 5 pilgrimage sites
Switzerland: 1 stage, 7 sub-steps, 8 regions, 1 natural park, 2 UNESCO sites, 2 pilgrimage sites Germany: 1 stage, 4 sub-steps, 1 region, 1 natural park, 1 UNESCO site, 3 pilgrimage sites
Austria: 3 stages, 7 sub-steps, 3 regions, 2 natural parks, 5 UNESCO sites, 3 pilgrimage sites
Czech Republic: 1 stage, 5 sub-steps, 5 regions, 1 natural park, 6 UNESCO sites, 1 pilgrimage site Poland: 2 stages, 2 sub-steps, 2 regions, 3 natural parks, 2 UNESCO sites, 1 pilgrimage site
Slovakia: 1 stage, 2 sub-steps, 2 regions, 1 natural park, 2 UNESCO sites
Ukraine: 1 stage, 1 sub-step, 1 region, 1 natural park
Hungary: 2 stages, 5 sub-steps, 5 regions, 5 natural parks, 3 UNESCO sites, 2 pilgrimage sites
Romania: 5 stages, 10 sub-steps, 4 regions, 11 natural parks, 4 UNESCO sites
Serbia: 3 stages, 7 sub-steps, 1 region, 2 natural parks, 1 UNESCO site
Bulgaria: 5 stages, 10 sub-steps, 13 regions, 2 natural parks, 5 UNESCO sites, 1 pilgrimage site
Turkey: 2 stages, 3 sub-steps, 1 region, 1 UNESCO site, 1 pilgrimage siteThe Central route ends in Moscow. This route crosses eight countries.
France: 6 stages, 18 sub-steps, 4 regions, 7 natural parks, 4 UNESCO sites, 11 pilgrimage sites
Luxembourg: 4 sub-steps, 3 regions, 1 natural park, 1 UNESCO site, 1 pilgrimage site Germany: 5 stages, 13 sub-steps, 6 regions, 3 natural parks, 14 UNESCO sites, 1 pilgrimage site Czech Republic: 1 stage, 2 sub-steps, 2 regions, 2 natural parks, 1 UNESCO site Poland: 4 stages, 8 sub-steps, 5 regions, 7 natural parks, 5 UNESCO sites, 2 pilgrimage sites Lithuania: 1 stage, 3 sub-steps, 3 regions, 2 natural parks, 2 UNESCO sites, 1 pilgrimage site
Belarus: 2 stages, 1 sub-step, 2 regions Russia: 5 stages, 7 sub-steps, 1 region, 2 natural parks, 7 UNESCO sites |
International organisations were consulted:
Tourism in Albania has been a key element to the country's economic activity and is constantly developing. Albania is characterized by its rich archaeological and cultural heritage dating back to the classical period when Illyrians and Ancient Greeks inhabited the region. Over the course of history, the territory of Albania was occupied and populated by Romans, Byzantines, Venetians and Ottomans. Notably the country features unspoiled beaches, mountainous landscapes, traditional cuisine, archaeological artifacts, unique traditions, low prices and the wild atmosphere of the countryside.
Los Lagos Region is one of Chile's 16 regions, which are first order administrative divisions, and comprises four provinces: Chiloé, Llanquihue, Osorno and Palena. The region contains the country's second largest island, Chiloé, and the second largest lake, Llanquihue. Its capital is Puerto Montt; other important cities include Osorno, Castro, Ancud, and Puerto Varas. The mainland portion of Los Lagos Region south of Reloncaví Sound is considered part of Patagonia.
The Amhara Region, officially the Amhara National Regional State, is a regional state in northern Ethiopia and the homeland of the Amhara, Awi, Xamir, Argoba, and Qemant people. Its capital is Bahir Dar which is the seat of the Regional Government of Amhara. Amhara is the site of the largest inland body of water in Ethiopia, Lake Tana, and Semien Mountains National Park. Amhara is bordered by Sudan to the west and northwest and by other the regions of Ethiopia: Tigray to the north, Afar to the east, Benishangul-Gumuz to the west and southwest, and Oromia to the south. Towns and cities in Amhara include: Bahir Dar, Dessie, Gonder, Debre Birhan, Debre Tabor, Kombolcha, Weldiya, Debre Markos, Seqota, Kobo, and Metema.
The Boucle du Baoulé National Park lies in western Mali, in Kayes Region and Koulikoro Region, set up in 1982. It has an area of 25,330 km² but has little large wildlife. The park is known for its prehistoric rock art and tombs. It is part of the UNESCO Boucle du Baoulé Biosphere Reserve, along with Badinko Faunal Reserve to the southwest, Fina Faunal Reserve to the south, and Kongossambougou Faunal Reserve to the northeast.
Rupandehi District, a part of Lumbini Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal and covers an area of 1,360 km2 (530 sq mi). The district headquarter is Bhairahawa. As per the national census 2011, the population of Rupandehi was 880,196.
There are 18 biosphere reserves in India. They protect larger areas of natural habitat than a typical national park or animal sanctuary, and often include one or more national parks or reserves, along with buffer zones that are open to some economic uses. Protection is granted not only to the flora and fauna of the protected region, but also to the human communities who inhabit these regions, and their ways of life. In total there are 18 biosphere reserves in India.
Christianity has a strong tradition of pilgrimages, both to sites relevant to the New Testament narrative and to sites associated with later saints or miracles.
Lapland Nature Reserve is a Russian zapovednik in Murmansk Oblast, Russia, above the Arctic Circle. Officially established in 1957, the reserve protects an area of 2,784 km2 (1,075 sq mi) to the northwest of Lake Imandra, including 86 km² of inland water. The terrain is mountainous tundra and northern taiga. Since 1985 the zapovednik has been designated by UNESCO as a biosphere reserve. The name refers to the cultural area of Lapland, now preferably called Sápmi.
Biosphere reserves are established according to the UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) to promote sustainable development for conservation of biological and cultural diversity. As of 2016, the Lal Suhanra Biosphere Reserve and Ziarat Juniper Forest are the only two biosphere reserve in Pakistan, which were approved by UNESCO in 1977 and 2013 respectively. A number of initiatives and projects have been undertaken to promote and develop other biosphere reserves in Pakistan but due to weak implementation this has not yet been materialized. In July 2012, Pakistan Museum of Natural History and Beijing Museum of Natural History signed a MoU to work on trans-boundary biodiversity and to improve MAB related activities in the Karakoram, Himalaya, and Hindukush regions.
Taymyr Nature Reserve is a Russian 'zapovednik' located in the northern lowlands of Siberia, on the Taimyr Peninsula, and on the coast of the Laptev Sea of the Arctic Ocean. The reserve includes the most northern forest of Dahurian larch in the world, and also the most northern mainland mountain range in the world. The protected area was established to protect the breeding grounds of the Red-breasted goose as well as the summer residences of wild reindeer and the biodiversity of the Lake Taymyr. The reserve is situated about 120 km east of the town of Norilsk, and 3,000 km northeast of Moscow, in the Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai. In 1995, the site was designated a UNESCO MAB Reserve. The reserve was formally established in 1979, and covers an area of 1,781,928 ha (6,880.06 sq mi).
