| Emmelia trabealis | |
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | Emmelia |
| Species: | E. trabealis |
| Binomial name | |
| Emmelia trabealis | |
| Synonyms | |
List
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Emmelia trabealis, the spotted sulphur, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli his 1763 Entomologia Carniolica . [1] [2]
The species is sometimes placed in the genus Acontia and Emmelia is considered as a subgenus of Acontia.
The spotted sulphur can be found in most of the Palearctic (Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and Russia to northern China and Japan). [3] [4] It was formerly resident in Great Britain, but has not been seen at any known breeding colonies since 25 June 1960 and is presumed extinct there. [5]
This species prefers sandy soil, dry and warm areas, meadows and sunny slopes on which the bindweed occurs.
The wingspan of Emmelia trabealis can reach 18–24 mm. The forewings show a very variable black drawings on a yellowish or dirty white background. The rear wings are reddish brown. [5]
Eggs are green, elongated and cone shaped, with a flattened base and distinct longitudinal ribs. Caterpillars are reddish to greenish brown, with dark dorsal lines and a yellow side band, the head is relatively small and brown. Cocoons are red brown or green. [5]
E. trabealis Scop. (= sulphuralis L., arabica Hufn., sulphurea Schiff., trabeata Scriba, lugubris F., pardalina Walk.) (52 g). Forewing pale yellow; the markings black, edged, when fresh, with lustrous scales;horizontal black streaks from base along median and submedian veins; the lines marked by black costal spots, the outer and subterminal more or less complete, sometimes interrupted; two black spots represent the stigmata; fringe yellow marked with black in middle and at each end; hindwing reddish fuscous; the fringe yellowish white. The insect varies according to the preponderance of the yellow or black scaling; as a rule, the yellow prevails in the female, the black in the male; — the ab. nigra Ersch. (52 g), from W. Turkestan, is almost wholly black. Larva green changing to brownish; dorsal and subdorsal lines darker, with faintly paler edges; spiracular line broadly pale yellow. [6]
This species presents two overlapping generations a year, the second generation is generally missing in cool years. The moth flies from May to August depending on the location and then again from August to early September. The pupa overwinters. The larvae feed on field bindweed ( Convolvulus arvensis ) [5] [7] and Polygonum species. [3] The imago takes short jerky flights in the sunshine close to the ground and is difficult of observation; it frequents dry and sandy localities.
Walter Forster & Theodor A. Wohlfahrt: Die Schmetterlinge Mitteleuropas. Bd. IV, Eulen (Noctuidae). Franckh’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5.
Conistra rubiginosa, the black-spot chestnut, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in his 1763 Entomologia Carniolica. It is found in Europe.
Deltote deceptoria, the pretty marbled, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in his 1763 Entomologia Carniolica. It is found in southern and central Europe.
Panemeria tenebrata, the small yellow underwing, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in his 1763 Entomologia Carniolica. It is found in Europe but is missing in northern Scandinavia, in Portugal, in central and southern Spain, as well as on most Mediterranean islands, except Sicily. In the east, the range extends to the Ural Mountains, but the east distribution limits are still insufficiently known. Occurrence in Asia Minor is uncertain, but it is known from Jordan and Israel.
Caradrina clavipalpis, the pale mottled willow, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in his 1763 Entomologia Carniolica. It is found in the Palearctic realm. It is an introduced species in North America, where it was first reported from Queens in New York City in 1993. In 2009 it was found in Rochester, New York, so it appears to be established and spreading.
Rivula sericealis, the straw dot, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in his 1763 Entomologia Carniolica. It is found in Europe including the Iberian Peninsula and southern Fennoscandia and south to North Africa. In an easterly direction, the species occurs across the Palearctic to the Pacific Ocean and Japan. The species closely resembles Evergestis forficalis.
Zanclognatha lunalis, the jubilee fan-foot, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in his 1763 Entomologia Carniolica. It can be found across the Palearctic realm.
Chersotis cuprea is a moth of the family Noctuidae.
Chersotis ocellina is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the mountainous areas of Europe, especially in the Alps, the Apennine Mountains, Pyrenees and the Cantabrian mountains.
Cerastis rubricosa, the red chestnut, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found in most of Europe, east through the temperate regions of the Palearctic east to Japan. In the north it is found just north of the Arctic Circle. Southward it is found up to the Mediterranean Basin and Turkey.
Cosmia pyralina, the lunar-spotted pinion, is a moth of the family Noctuidae.
Pyrrhia victorina is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Slovenia, former Yugoslavia and Daghestan.
The shoulder-striped clover is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in most of Europe, Ukraine, southern Russia and southern Siberia, Transbaikalia, Turkey, central Asia, China, Japan, the Korean Peninsula, Mongolia, northern India, Pakistan, the Russian Far East.
Celaena haworthii, or Haworth's minor, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by John Curtis in 1829. It is found from the British Isles and France through northern Europe including Scandinavia, east to the Urals and across the Palearctic to Siberia and up to the Pacific Ocean.
Polia hepatica, the silvery arches, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Alexander Clerck in 1759. It is found in temperate Europe and east across the Palearctic to Siberia and Korea. It is not present in northernmost Fennoscandia and the southern parts of the Iberian Peninsula, Italy and Greece. It is also absent from Japan.
Shargacucullia prenanthis, the false water betony, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from south-eastern France, through the Alps and bordering mountains east to Romania and Bulgaria. It is also found in Anatolia and Lebanon.
Chloantha hyperici, the pale-shouldered cloud, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in southern Central Europe and from southern Europe to the Near East and Anatolia, Israel, Iraq, the Persian Gulf and the Caucasus, as well as northern Denmark, southern Sweden, southern Norway and south-western Finland.
Lithophane furcifera, the conformist, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel in 1766. It is found from central Europe, east to the Black Sea region, the Caucasus and western Siberia. In the mountains, it is found up to elevations of 1,800 meters.
The heart moth is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found locally in Europe. It is also present in Turkey, Transcaucasia, the Caucasus, Israel, Iran and Iraq.
Hoplodrina superstes, also known as the powdered rustic, is a moth of the family Noctuidae, first described by Ferdinand Ochsenheimer in 1816. It is found in Asia and Europe.
Eucarta amethystina is a moth in the family Noctuidae first described by Jacob Hübner in 1803. It is found in central Europe, east to Belarus, through the Ural to the Pacific Ocean.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .