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The Cantharellales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. The order includes not only the chanterelles (Cantharellaceae), but also some of the tooth fungi (Hydnaceae), clavarioid fungi, and corticioid fungi (Botryobasidiaceae). Species within the order are variously ectomycorrhizal, saprotrophic, associated with orchids, or facultative plant pathogens. Those of economic importance include edible and commercially collected Cantharellus, Craterellus, and Hydnum species as well as crop pathogens in the genera Ceratobasidium and Thanatephorus (Rhizoctonia).
Tremella mesenterica is a common jelly fungus in the family Tremellaceae of the Agaricomycotina. It is most frequently found on dead but attached and on recently fallen branches, especially of angiosperms, as a parasite of wood decay fungi in the genus Peniophora. The gelatinous, orange-yellow fruit body of the fungus, which can grow up to 7.5 cm (3.0 in) diameter, has a convoluted or lobed surface that is greasy or slimy when damp. It grows in crevices in bark, appearing during rainy weather. Within a few days after rain it dries into a thin film or shriveled mass capable of reviving after subsequent rain. This fungus occurs widely in deciduous and mixed forests and is widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions that include Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North and South America. Although considered bland and flavorless, the fungus is edible. Tremella mesenterica produces carbohydrates that are attracting research interest because of their various biological activities.
The Auriculariales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. Species within the order were formerly referred to the "heterobasidiomycetes" or "jelly fungi", since many have gelatinous basidiocarps that produce spores on septate basidia. Around 200 species are known worldwide, placed in six or more families, though the status of these families is currently uncertain. All species in the Auriculariales are believed to be saprotrophic, most growing on dead wood. Fruit bodies of several Auricularia species are cultivated for food on a commercial scale, especially in China.
The Auriculariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Auriculariales. Species within the family were formerly referred to the "heterobasidiomycetes" or "jelly fungi", since many have gelatinous basidiocarps that produce spores on septate basidia. Around 100 species are known worldwide. All are believed to be saprotrophic, most growing on dead wood. Fruit bodies of several Auricularia species are cultivated for food on a commercial scale, especially in China.
Peniophora is a genus of fungi which are plant pathogens. Members of the genus belong to the class Agaricomycetes, order Russulales, and family Peniophoraceae. The genus is widespread, and contains 62 species. The species of Peniophora are resupinate, or crust-like, and are described as corticioid. A number of its members are parasitised by other fungi. For example, Tremella mesenterica is a parasite to several species of Peniophora.
Xylobolus is a genus of fungi in the Stereaceae family. The Dictionary of the Fungi estimated the genus to contain three widely distributed species; another, X. thoenii, was added in 2011. The genus was circumscribed by Petter Karsten in 1881.
The Atractiellomycetes are class of fungi in the Pucciniomycotina subdivision of the Basidiomycota. The class consists of a single order, the Atractiellales, which contains 3 families, 10 genera, and 34 species. Leucogloea and Hobsonia are genera incertae sedis with respect to familial placement.
The Cryptomycocolacomycetes are a class of fungi in the Pucciniomycotina subdivision of the Basidiomycota. The class contains a single order, the Cryptomycocolacales, which in turn contains the single family Cryptomycocolacaceae. The family has two monotypic genera.
Derek Agutter Reid was an English mycologist.
Sistotremastrum is a genus of crust fungi in the Hydnodontaceae family. The genus has a widespread distribution, and contains four species. Sistotremastrum was defined by Swedish mycologist John Eriksson in 1958.
Ceratobasidium is a genus of fungi in the order Cantharellales. Basidiocarps are effused and the genus is sometimes grouped among the corticioid fungi, though species also retain features of the heterobasidiomycetes. Rhizoctonia-like anamorphs of Ceratobasidium species are placed in the genus Ceratorhiza. Species are saprotrophic, but several are also facultative plant pathogens, causing a number of commercially important crop diseases. Some are also endomycorrhizal associates of orchids.
The Ceratobasidiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Cantharellales. All species within the family have basidiocarps that are thin and effused. They have sometimes been included within the corticioid fungi or alternatively within the "heterobasidiomycetes". Species are saprotrophic, but some are also facultative plant pathogens or are associated with orchid mycorrhiza. Genera of economic importance include Ceratobasidium and Thanatephorus, both of which contain plant pathogenic species causing diseases of commercial crops and turf grass.
The Tulasnellaceae are a family of fungi in the order Cantharellales. The family comprises mainly effused (patch-forming) fungi formerly referred to the "jelly fungi" or heterobasidiomycetes. Species are wood- or litter-rotting saprotrophs, but many are also endomycorrhizal associates of orchids and some have also been thought to form ectomycorrhizal associations with trees and other plants.
Atractogloeaceae is a fungal family in the order Atractiellales. The family contains the single genus Atractogloea, which in turn contains the single species Atractogloea stillata, found in the USA.
Clavulicium is a genus of corticioid fungi in the family Stereopsidaceae. It was formerly placed in the family Clavulinaceae in the order Cantharellales but was found to belong in a new order along with Stereopsis in 2014. The widespread genus was circumscribed by the French mycologist Jacques Boidin in 1957. The spores and the basidia of species in the genus are similar to those in Clavulina but also similar to those in Stereopsis. Clavulicium globosum is now a species of Stereopsis.
Ceratosebacina is a genus of fungi in the order Auriculariales. The genus, which includes three species found in Europe, was circumscribed in 1993.
Hauerslevia is a fungal genus of uncertain familial placement in the order Auriculariales. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species Hauerslevia pulverulenta, known from Europe.
The Agaricostilbales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricostilbomycetes of the division Basidiomycota. They are further classified in the subclass phragmobasidiomycetidae, which contains fungi with basidia that are divided by septa. The order consists of 3 families, 9 genera, and 43 species. The genus Mycogloea is assigned to the Agaricostilbales, although it is of uncertain placement with respect to its family.
The Agaricostilbaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricostilbales, part of the Basidiomycota. It was initially circumscribed in 1989 by mycologists Franz Oberwinkler and Robert Bauer. It contains three genera.
The Chionosphaeraceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricostilbales, part of the Basidiomycota. It was initially circumscribed in 1982 by mycologists F. Oberwinkler and R.J. Bandoni. It contains 3 genera.
References
- ↑ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 234. ISBN 9780851998268.
- ↑ Roberts P. (2008). "Caribbean Heterobasidiomycetes: 3. British Virgin Islands". Mycotaxon. 105: 137–47.
- ↑ Roberts P. (2008). "Heterobasidiomycetes from Belize". Kew Bulletin. 63 (1): 87–99. doi:10.1007/s12225-007-9006-6. JSTOR 20443411.