Energy in Uzbekistan

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Uzbekistan had a total primary energy supply (TPES) of 48.28 Mtoe in 2012. [1] Electricity consumption was 47.80 TWh. The majority of primary energy came from fossil fuels, with natural gas, coal and oil the main sources. Hydroelectricity, the only significant renewable source in the country, accounted for about 2% of the primary energy supply. Natural gas is the source for 73.8% of electricity production, followed by hydroelectricity with 21.4%. [1]

Contents

Uzbekistan will be the first country in Central Asia to develop and produce solar energy, by Uzbekenergo, a state owned energy company. The Samarqand Region was picked along with six other regions being inspected. The solar power plant is to have a capacity of 100 megawatts. [2] [3]

The Uzbek energy sector is characterized by extensive corruption and opaque networks of offshore companies owned by Uzbek and Russian political elites. [4] [5] [6] [7]

Energy sources

In 2022, natural gas remained the primary energy source in Uzbekistan, contributing 85% to the total energy supply and electricity generation, with a consumption of 1.552 BTU qn. The government plans to cease natural gas exports by 2025 to focus on domestic energy and petrochemical production needs, aiming for greater industrial development and energy self-sufficiency. [8] [9]

Natural gas production from 2011 to 2021 (bcm) [10] :29
20112012201320142015201620172018201920202021
56.656.555.956.353.653.153.658.357.547.150.9

Uzbekistan is also diversifying its energy mix by investing in renewable sources like solar and wind energy, driven by favorable investment conditions and technological advancements. This shift aims to reduce reliance on natural gas and promote environmental sustainability. The consumption from renewables and other sources was 0.030 BTU qn in 2022, reflecting this growing focus. [9]

Oil from 2011 to 2021 (kbd) [10] :16,19,25,26
20112012201320142015201620172018201920202021
Oil production8072696360576164616760
Total liquids consumption10488838283868795958390
Refinery throughput164156146136127118125117122118113
Refining capacity232232232232232232232232232232232

Moreover, the country is enhancing its oil sector by upgrading refining capacities and petrochemical production, with petroleum and other liquids consumption at 0.170 BTU qn in 2022. [9] One of the most important types of transformation for the energy system is the refining of crude oil into oil products, such as the fuels that power automobiles, ships, and planes. In 2021, the share of domestic refining in the total final consumption of oil products was 97% with a total of 158,203 Terajoules (TJ) of oil products refined, indicating an upward trend of 48%. [11]

Electricity sector

Electricity generation in 2021 [11]
  1. Natural gas (86.89%)
  2. Hydro (6.87%)
  3. Coal (2.91%)
  4. Oil (1.94%)

Renewable energy

The proportion of renewable energy in Uzbekistan's total energy supply (TES) has remained stable yet low since the 1990s. In the realm of electricity generation, the share of renewable energy (RE) varies due to the country's fluctuating hydrological conditions, which directly affect hydropower production.

Total renewable energy capacity, 2014-2023 (MW) [13] :3
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
1,8721,8821,8831,8611,9191,9122,0252,1562,4782,668
Hydropower capacity, 2014-2023 (MW) [13] :6
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
1,8711,8801,8801,8581,9151,9082,0212,1522,225 u2,415 u

Between 2000 and 2019, this share oscillated between 8% and 19% of total electricity generation, with an average of around 12%. The dominance of hydropower within the renewable energy sector leads to similar patterns in both the total energy supply and the total final consumption (TFC) of renewable energy. [14] :96

List of power stations

Power plantProvinceCapacity (MW)TypeYear completedNotes
Syrdarya Power Plant Tashkent3,050Natural gas1972
Yangi AngrenTashkent2,100Hybrid1985
TashkentTashkent2,230Natural gas1963
NavoiNavoi1,618Natural gas1963
TalimardjanKashkadarya1,700Natural gas2004
Takhiatash730Natural gas1962
FerganaFergana305Natural gas
TuraqurgonNamangan900Natural gas
AngrenTashkent634Coal1957
TuyamuyunXorezm150Hydro1983
CharvakTashkent666Hydro1970
TopolonSurkhandarya175Hydro
AndijanAndijan190Hydro1983
FarkhodSyrdarya126Hydro1948
QamchiqNamangan26.5Hydro
HojakentTashkent165Hydro1975
GazalkentTashkent120Hydro1980
HishravSamarkandHydro
TuyabogizTashkent11.4Hydro2019
Lower Bozsu HPP-14Tashkent15Hydro1944/2022
Lower Bozsu HPP-18Tashkent7Hydro1950
Lower Bozsu HPP-19Tashkent11.2Hydro1950
Zarchob-2Surkhandarya38.2Hydro2021 [15]
Zarchob-1Surkhandarya37.4Hydro2021 [16]
Lower Bozsu HPP-23Tashkent17.6Hydro1954
Lower Bozsu HPP-22Tashkent4.4Hydro1954
Nur Navoi Solar parkNavoi100Solar2021 [17]
Nurabad Solar parkSamarkand100Solar2022 [18]

References

  1. 1 2 "Uzbekistan". www.iea.org. International Energy Agency (IEA). Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  2. "Uzbekistan to Build First Solar Power Plant". www.industryweek.com. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
  3. "Chinese company to build solar power plant in Uzbekistan". Trend.Az (in Russian). 2017-01-14. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
  4. Junxia, Liu (2019-10-01). "Investments in the energy sector of Central Asia: Corruption risk and policy implications" . Energy Policy. 133: 110912. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2019.110912. ISSN   0301-4215.
  5. Bekieva, Mehribon (2024-06-09). "Plenty Left In The Dark After Giant Uzbek Solar Power Deals". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
  6. "Special Investigation: How Russia And Political Insiders Cash In On Uzbekistan's Lucrative Gas Sector". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 2023-02-09.
  7. "Reporter's Notebook: Energy Crisis Exposes Deep Grievances in Uzbekistan". Voice of America. 2023-02-23.
  8. "Executive summary – Uzbekistan 2022 – Analysis". IEA. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
  9. 1 2 3 "Uzbekistan | Energy Production and Consumption: Annual | CEIC". www.ceicdata.com. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
  10. 1 2 "bp Statistical Review of World Energy" (PDF). www.bp.com (71 ed.). 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  11. 1 2 3 "Uzbekistan - Countries & Regions". IEA. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
  12. "Uzbekistan targets 27 GW of renewable capacity, 40% in power generation by 2030 | Enerdata". www.enerdata.net. 2024-01-23. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
  13. 1 2 IRENA, International Renewable Energy Agency (2024). "RENEWABLE CAPACITY STATISTICS 2024" (PDF). www.irena.org. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  14. IEA, International Energy Agency (June 2022). "Uzbekistan 2022 - Energy Policy Review" (PDF). www.iea.org. pp. 25–28.
  15. "Surxondaryoda "Zarchob-2" kichik GES ishga tushirildi — fotoreportaj". 20 November 2021.
  16. "Surxondaryoda "Zarchob-1 kichik GES" loyihasi ishga tushirildi (foto)". 3 April 2021.
  17. "100 MW Nur Navoi Solar Project".
  18. "ЭНЕРГЕТИКА ВАЗИРЛИГИ: САМАРҚАНД ВИЛОЯТИДА ЙИРИК ҚУЁШ ФОТОЭЛЕКТР СТАНЦИЯСИ ИШГА ТУШИРИЛДИ".