| Epitrimerus trilobus | |
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| Gall | |
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| Class: | Arachnida |
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| Genus: | |
| Species: | E. trilobus |
| Binomial name | |
| Epitrimerus trilobus | |
| Synonyms | |
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Epitrimerus trilobus is a gall mite in the family Eriophyidae, found in Europe. The mites feed on the leaves of elder (Sambucus species), causing abnormal plant growths known as galls. The mite was described by the Austrian zoologist, Alfred Nalepa in 1891.
Epitrimerus trilobus makes upward rolls on the leaves of elder or elderberry. The rolls can be 1–5 millimetres (0.039–0.197 in) wide, loose or tight and can cover the whole of the leaf. Alternatively young leaves can be severely crumpled, failing to open properly. [2] [3] Species of elder galled include, American black elderberry ( Sambucus canadensis ), European elder ( Sambucus nigra ), red elderberry ( Sambucus racemosa ). [4] Galls on dwarf elder ( Sambucus ebulus ) may be caused by an undetermined Epitrimerus species. [3]
The mites feed on the leaves, the surface of the leaf decreases and photosynthesis is reduced, which can result in premature leaf fall. Young and small trees under heavy attack can die. The elder aphid ( Aphis sambuci ) causes similar injury. [5] The mites leave the galls in late summer and spend the winter in bark crevices or buds. [3]
Epitrimerus trilobus is found in Europe and California, USA. [1] [6]
Sambucus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Adoxaceae. The various species are commonly referred to as elder, elderflower or elderberry.
Galls or cecidia are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls are often highly organized structures so that the cause of the gall can often be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
Sambucus canadensis, the American black elderberry, Canada elderberry, or common elderberry, is a species of elderberry native to a large area of North America east of the Rocky Mountains, south to Bolivia. It grows in a variety of conditions including both wet and dry soils, primarily in sunny locations.
Sambucus nigra is a species complex of flowering plants in the family Adoxaceae native to most of Europe. Common names include elder, elderberry, black elder, European elder, European elderberry, and European black elderberry. It grows in a variety of conditions including both wet and dry fertile soils, primarily in sunny locations. The plant is widely grown as an ornamental shrub or small tree. Both the flowers and the berries have a long tradition of culinary use, primarily for cordial and wine.
Sambucus racemosa is a species of elderberry known by the common names red elderberry and red-berried elder.
Sambucus cerulea or Sambucus nigra ssp. cerulea, with the common names blue elderberry and blue elder, is a coarse textured shrub species of elder in the family Adoxaceae.
Aceria fraxinivora, also known as the cauliflower gall mite and the ash key gall, causes the growths, known as galls, found on the hanging seeds or "keys" of the ash (Fraxinus) species.
Aculus craspedobius is a species of mite which causes galls on the leaves of willows. It was first described by Alfred Nalepa in 1925.
Aculus magnirostris is a species of mite which causes galls on the leaves of willows. It was first described by Alfred Nalepa in 1892.
Aculus tetanothrix is a species of mite which causes galls on the leaves of willows. It was first described by Alfred Nalepa in 1889.
Aculus laevis is a species of mite which causes galls on the leaves of sallows. It was first described by Alfred Nalepa in 1892.
Tetraneura ulmi, the elm sack gall aphid and also known as a fig gall, is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. It was described by Carl Linnaeus and named in his Systema Naturae, published in 1758. The mite is found in Asia, Europe and North America, causing abnormal plant growths, known as galls on their primary host, elm trees (Ulmus species). They feed on a secondary host, the roots of various grasses.
Aceria iteina is a species of mite which causes galls on the leaves of sallows and their hybrids. It was first described by Alfred Nalepa in 1925.
Phyllocoptes goniothorax is a species of mite belonging to the genus Phyllocoptes, which causes galls on the leaves of hawthorns. It was first described by Alfred Nalepa in 1889.
Eriophyes laevis is a gall mite which makes small, pimple-like galls on the leaves of alder. The mite was first described by the Austrian zoologist, Alfred Nalepa in 1889 and is found in Europe and North America.
Phyllocoptes malinus, also known as the apple leaf mite, is a species of mite belonging to the genus Phyllocoptes. It causes a gall, which is a swelling on the external tissues, on the leaves of apples. The mite is found in Europe and was first described by the Austrian zoologist Alfred Nalepa in 1892.
Acalitus plicans is an eriophyid mite which causes galls on beech. It is found in Europe and was first described by the Austrian zoologist Alfred Nalepa in 1917.
Acalitus stenaspis is an eriophyid mite which causes galls on beech. It is found in Europe and was first described by the Austrian zoologist Alfred Nalepa in 1891.
Acalitus calycophthirus is an eriophyid mite which causes big bud galls on birch twigs. It is found in Europe and was first described by the Austrian zoologist, Alfred Nalepa in 1891.
Epitrimerus is a genus of small mites. The name was raised by the Austrian zoologist Alfred Nalepa in 1898.
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