Eriocapitella ×hybrida | |
---|---|
Private garden, Denmark (11 August 2012) | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Ranunculales |
Family: | Ranunculaceae |
Genus: | Eriocapitella |
Species: | E. ×hybrida |
Binomial name | |
Eriocapitella ×hybrida (L.H.Bailey) Christenh. & Byng | |
Synonyms [1] | |
List
|
Eriocapitella × hybrida is a hybrid of flowering plants in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. [1] The parents of the hybrid are E. japonica and E. vitifolia . Cultivars of the hybrid are commonly known as Japanese anemone hybrids. [2]
Eriocapitella × hybrida is a perennial herbaceous plant up to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) tall. It forms large clumps of dark green, ternate, basal leaves on long petioles (leaf stalks). The pubescent leaflets are ovate, with deep lobes and serrate margins (edges). The inflorescence is a large, loose cyme with semi-double flowers. The flower is approximately 8 cm (3.1 in) across with 7–11 white, pink, or rose sepals (no petals) each having a silky sheen on the backside. The center of the flower is surrounded by prominent golden stamens. [3]
Eriocapitella × hybrida was described by Maarten J. M. Christenhusz and James W. Byng in 2018. [4] Like other members of genus Eriocapitella, E. × hybrida was formerly a member of genus Anemone . In particular, the historically important synonym Anemone × hybridaPaxton and the basionym Anemone japonica var. hybridaL.H.Bailey were described in 1848 and 1914, respectively. [5] [6] [7] [8]
Eriocapitella × hybrida along with four other taxa (E. hupehensis, E. japonica , E. tomentosa, and E. vitifolia ) are known as fall-blooming anemones. [9] The bloom period depends on the particular cultivar and location, but at Longwood Gardens for example, E. × hybrida 'Königin Charlotte' bloomed from mid September to early November. [3]
The artificial hybrid Eriocapitella × hybrida was developed at the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society in 1848. As reported by Joseph Paxton at the time, gardeners crossed the so-called Japanese anemone E. japonica with E. vitifolia to produce a hardy fall-blooming hybrid with rose-colored flowers. The parent species were previously brought to England from their native Asia: E. vitifolia was brought from Nepal in 1829 while E. japonica was brought from China in 1844. European horticulturalists in Great Britain, Germany, and France subsequently introduced dozens of cultivars. Commonly called Japanese anemone hybrids, the cultivars of E. × hybrida have single, semi-double, or double flowers with white, pink, or purple sepals. [2] [3] [6]
At the Chicago Botanic Garden, Rudy experimented with 26 cultivars of fall-blooming anemones over a 5-year period beginning in 1998. His experiments included 18 cultivars of E. × hybrida, of which more than half had a bloom length greater than 48 days. [9]
Cultivar | Flower color | Flower form | Height | Width | Bloom period | Bloom length |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E. × hybrida 'Alba' [10] | white | single | mid Sep-late Oct | 24.0 days | ||
E. × hybrida 'Alice' [11] | pale pink | semi-double | 32 in. | 37 in. | mid Sep-early Nov | 53.5 days |
E. × hybrida 'Andrea Atkinson' [12] | white | single to semi-double | 35 in. | 20 in. | late Aug-mid Nov | 64.7 days |
E. × hybrida 'Avalanche' | white | double | mid Aug-late Oct | 37.0 days | ||
E. × hybrida 'Honorine Jobert' [13] | white | single to semi-double | 40 in. | 33 in. | mid Sep-mid Nov | 45.8 days |
E. × hybrida 'Königin Charlotte' [14] | pale pink | semi-double | 36 in. | 31 in. | late Sep-early Nov | 25.4 days |
E. × hybrida 'Kriemhilde' [15] | pink | single to semi-double | 30 in. | 19 in. | late Aug-early Nov | 56.0 days |
E. × hybrida 'Lady Gilmour' [16] | pale pink | single | late Sep-late Oct | 16.0 days | ||
E. × hybrida 'Loreley' [17] | pink | semi-double | 0.0 days | |||
E. × hybrida 'Margarete' [18] | deep pink | semi-double | 22 in. | 30 in. | late Aug-early Nov | 49.3 days |
E. × hybrida 'Max Vogel' [19] | pink | semi-double | 43 in. | 35 in. | mid Aug-early Nov | 62.5 days |
E. × hybrida 'Montrose' [20] | pale purple | double | 27 in. | 30 in. | mid Sep-early Nov | 43.5 days |
E. × hybrida 'Richard Ahrens' [21] | pink | single to semi-double | 27 in. | 31 in. | mid Sep-late Oct | 48.7 days |
E. × hybrida 'Robustissima' [22] | pink | single | 41 in. | 40 in. | late Aug-mid Nov | 63.0 days |
E. × hybrida 'September Charm' [23] | pale purple | single | 30 in. | 20 in. | late Aug-early Nov | 48.2 days |
E. × hybrida 'Serenade' [24] | pink | semi-double | 23 in. | 40 in. | mid Aug-late Oct | 64.5 days |
E. × hybrida 'Victor Jones' | pale pink | single | 31 in. | 35 in. | late Aug-mid Oct | 53.4 days |
E. × hybrida 'Whirlwind' [25] | white | semi-double | 27 in. | 35 in. | early Sep-early Nov | 41.1 days |
As of March 2020 [update] , the following cultivars of E. × hybrida have gained the Award of Garden Merit (AGM) from the Royal Horticultural Society: [26]
The cultivars E. × hybrida 'Andrea Atkinson', E. × hybrida 'Lady Gilmour', and E. × hybrida 'Robustissima' were removed from the AGM list in 2013.
Anemone is a genus of flowering plants in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. Plants of the genus are commonly called windflowers. They are native to the temperate and subtropical regions of all continents except Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica and the Middle East. The genus is closely related to several other genera including Anemonoides, Anemonastrum, Hepatica, and Pulsatilla. Some botanists include these genera within Anemone.
Deutzia is a genus of about 60 species of flowering plants in the family Hydrangeaceae, native to eastern and central Asia, and Central America and also Europe. By far the highest species diversity is in China, where 50 species occur.
A daylily, day lily or ditch-lily is a flowering plant in the genus Hemerocallis, a member of the family Asphodelaceae, subfamily Hemerocallidoideae, native to Asia. Despite the common name, it is not, in fact, a lily, nor does it specifically grow in ditches. Gardening enthusiasts and horticulturists have long bred Hemerocallis species for their attractive flowers; a select few species of the genus have edible petals, while some are extremely toxic. Thousands of cultivars have been registered by the American Daylily Society, the only internationally recognized registrant according to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP).. The plants are perennial, bulbous plants, whose common name alludes to its flowers, which typically last about a day.
Hepatica is a genus of herbaceous perennials in the buttercup family, native to central and northern Europe, Asia and eastern North America. Some botanists include Hepatica within a wider interpretation of Anemone.
Anemonoides nemorosa, the wood anemone, is an early-spring flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to Europe. Other common names include windflower, European thimbleweed, and smell fox, an allusion to the musky smell of the leaves. It is a perennial herbaceous plant growing 5–15 cm (2–6 in) tall.
Anemonoides ranunculoides, the yellow anemone, yellow wood anemone, or buttercup anemone, is a species of herbaceous and perennial plant that grows in forests across Europe to western Asia, and less frequently in the Mediterranean region. It is occasionally found as a garden escape.
Weigela is a genus of between six and 38 species of deciduous shrubs in the family Caprifoliaceae, growing to 1–5 m (3–15′) tall. All are natives of eastern Asia. The genus is named after the German scientist Christian Ehrenfried Weigel.
Kerria japonica, commonly known as Japanese kerria or Japanese rose, is a deciduous, yellow-flowering shrub in the rose family (Rosaceae), native to China, Japan and Korea. It is the only species in the genus Kerria. In the wild, it grows in thickets on mountain slopes. Japanese kerria has been used for medicine and is also planted in gardens. A double-flowered cultivar, K. japonica 'Pleniflora', is commonly called bachelor's buttons.
Anemone coronaria, the poppy anemone, Spanish marigold, or windflower, is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to the Mediterranean region.
Chaenomeles speciosa, the flowering quince, Chinese quince or Japanese quince, is a thorny deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub native to eastern Asia. It is taller than another commonly cultivated species, C. japonica, usually growing to about 2 m. The flowers are usually red, but may be white or pink. The fruit is a fragrant, hard pome that resembles a quince.
Anemone hepatica, the common hepatica, liverwort, liverleaf, kidneywort, or pennywort, is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to woodland in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. This herbaceous perennial grows from a rhizome.
Eriocapitella hupehensis, a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, is native to Asia. The specific epithet hupehensis, which means "from Hupeh province, China", refers to a region where the species is known to occur. In Chinese, it is called dǎ pò wǎn huā huā (打破碗花花), which means "broken bowl flower".
Eriocapitella rivularis, a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, is native to Asia. The specific epithet rivularis means "waterside, of the rivers", which evidently refers to one of its preferred habitats. It is commonly called the riverside windflower. In Chinese, it is called cao yu mei, which means "grass jade plum".
Astilbe japonica, called false buck's beard, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Astilbe, native to Japan, and introduced in New York State. Its hybrid cultivars 'Deutschland', 'Montgomery', and 'Rheinland' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Eriocapitella is a genus of flowering plants in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. Plants of the genus are native to Asia. The generic name Eriocapitella roughly translates to "growing in a small woolly head", which refers to the hairy ovary and fruit of some members of the genus. Cultivated plants are commonly known as fall-blooming anemones.
Eriocapitella vitifolia, a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, is native to Asia. The specific epithet vitifolia means "vine-leaved, with leaves resembling those of Vitis", the genus of grapevines, and so the plant is commonly called the grape-leaved anemone or grape-leaved windflower. In Chinese, a common name is ye mian hua, which means "wild cotton".
Eriocapitella tomentosa, a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, is native to Asia. The specific epithet tomentosa means "thickly matted with hairs, tomentum (padding)". In Chinese, a common name is da huo cao (大火草), which means "big fire grass" or "great fireweed".
Eriocapitella rupicola, a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, is native to Asia. The specific epithet rupicola means "growing on rocks". In Chinese, a common name is yan sheng yin lian hua, which means "rock anemone".
Eriocapitella japonica is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. The specific epithet japonica means "from Japan", which is a misnomer since the species is introduced in Japan. It is native to China, Taiwan, and Vietnam.
Carex laxiculmis, the creeping sedge, is a species of flowering plant in the family Cyperaceae, native to Ontario, Canada, and the central and eastern United States. As with most species of sedge, it prefers to grow in shady, wet areas. Its cultivar 'Hobb', sold under the trade designation Bunny Blue, is available from commercial nurseries.