Eriocapitella | |
---|---|
Eriocapitella hupehensis (Sichuan, China) | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Ranunculales |
Family: | Ranunculaceae |
Subfamily: | Ranunculoideae |
Tribe: | Anemoneae |
Genus: | Eriocapitella Nakai |
Eriocapitella is a genus of flowering plants in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. Plants of the genus are native to Asia. [1] The generic name Eriocapitella roughly translates to "growing in a small woolly head", which refers to the hairy ovary and fruit of some members of the genus. Cultivated plants are commonly known as fall-blooming anemones. [2] [3]
Eriocapitella was named by the Japanese botanist Takenoshin Nakai in 1941. [4] It was proposed as a section of genus Anemone in 1991, [5] but later segregated into genus Eriocapitella.
As of December 2020 [update] , Kew's Plants of the World Online (POWO) accepts 6 species in the genus Eriocapitella: [1]
An artificial hybrid is also recognized by POWO: [6]
The parents of the hybrid are E. japonica and E. vitifolia. Historically, the hybrid was developed in Europe after E. japonica was brought to England in 1843. [3]
The Latin word capitellatus (or capitellata) means "growing in a small head". [7] Since the prefix erio- (from the Greek ἔριον) means "woolly" (or "wool"), [8] the generic name Eriocapitella translates to "growing in a small woolly head". Presumably this refers to the hairy ovary and fruit of some of the taxa in the genus.
Plants of genus Eriocapitella are native to Asia. They are found throughout the Himalaya region, across much of East Asia and Southeast Asia, ranging as far south as Sumatra. [1]
Plants of the genus have been introduced to Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ecuador, Germany, Japan, Korea, and elsewhere. [1]
Plants of genus Eriocapitella have been cultivated since at least the 17th century, probably as far back as the Chinese Tang dynasty (618–907). During that time, a form of E. hupehensis with smaller, semi-double flowers and pink sepals escaped cultivation and spread across China to Japan and Korea. This form of E. hupehensis, brought to England from China by the plant explorer Robert Fortune in 1843, became known as the Japanese anemone (E. japonica). European horticulturists crossed the Japanese anemone with E. vitifolia, a wide-ranging Asian species with white sepals. Today we find a large number of Japanese anemone hybrids (E. × hybrida) with single, semi-double, or double flowers having white, pink, or purple sepals. [3] [2] [9]
Fall-blooming anemones usually have white or pink blossoms with a globe-shaped seed head. Newly opened blossoms mingle with the seed heads for several weeks between late July and October. The plants thrive in light to partial shade but will tolerate full sun as long as there’s sufficient moisture. Overly wet conditions should be avoided, and mulch should be applied in the fall, especially in northern climates. Japanese beetles, black blister beetles, and foliar nematodes can be a problem. [3]
At the Chicago Botanic Garden, Rudy experimented with 26 cultivars of fall-blooming anemones over a 5-year period beginning in 1998. The experiments evaluated various cultivars of E. hupehensis, E. × hybrida, E. japonica, and E. tomentosa. About 40% of the cultivars had a bloom length of 50 days or more. The longest bloom length recorded was 65 days. [2]
Cultivar | Flower color | Flower form | Height | Width | Bloom period | Bloom length | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E. hupehensis 'Hadspen Abundance' [10] | pale purple | single | 27 in. | 40 in. | mid Sep-early Nov | 45.2 days | Hadspen Garden, Sommerset, England |
E. hupehensis 'Praecox' [11] | pink | single | 50 in. | 33 in. | late Jul-early Oct | 51.8 days | Germany, 1935 |
E. hupehensis 'Superba' [12] | lavender pink | semi-double | 26 in. | 29 in. | early Sep-early Nov | 47.2 days | |
E. × hybrida 'Alba' [13] | white | single | mid Sep-late Oct | 24.0 days | |||
E. × hybrida 'Alice' [14] | pale pink | semi-double | 32 in. | 37 in. | mid Sep-early Nov | 53.5 days | W. Pfitzer, Germany |
E. × hybrida 'Andrea Atkinson' [15] | white | single to semi-double | 35 in. | 20 in. | late Aug-mid Nov | 64.7 days | |
E. × hybrida 'Avalanche' | white | double | mid Aug-late Oct | 37.0 days | |||
E. × hybrida 'Honorine Jobert' [16] | white | single to semi-double | 40 in. | 33 in. | mid Sep-mid Nov | 45.8 days | France, 1858 |
E. × hybrida 'Königin Charlotte' [17] | pale pink | semi-double | 36 in. | 31 in. | late Sep-early Nov | 25.4 days | W. Pfitzer, Germany, 1898 |
E. × hybrida 'Kriemhilde' [18] | pink | single to semi-double | 30 in. | 19 in. | late Aug-early Nov | 56.0 days | Germany, 1908 |
E. × hybrida 'Lady Gilmour' [19] | pale pink | single | late Sep-late Oct | 16.0 days | France | ||
E. × hybrida 'Loreley' [20] | pink | semi-double | 0.0 days | ||||
E. × hybrida 'Margarete' [21] | deep pink | semi-double | 22 in. | 30 in. | late Aug-early Nov | 49.3 days | Germany |
E. × hybrida 'Max Vogel' [22] | pink | semi-double | 43 in. | 35 in. | mid Aug-early Nov | 62.5 days | |
E. × hybrida 'Montrose' [23] | pale purple | double | 27 in. | 30 in. | mid Sep-early Nov | 43.5 days | France |
E. × hybrida 'Richard Ahrens' [24] | pink | single to semi-double | 27 in. | 31 in. | mid Sep-late Oct | 48.7 days | W. Pfitzer, Germany, 1921 |
E. × hybrida 'Robustissima' [25] | pink | single | 41 in. | 40 in. | late Aug-mid Nov | 63.0 days | France, 1900 |
E. × hybrida 'September Charm' [26] | pale purple | single | 30 in. | 20 in. | late Aug-early Nov | 48.2 days | England, 1932 |
E. × hybrida 'Serenade' [27] | pink | semi-double | 23 in. | 40 in. | mid Aug-late Oct | 64.5 days | |
E. × hybrida 'Victor Jones' | pale pink | single | 31 in. | 35 in. | late Aug-mid Oct | 53.4 days | |
E. × hybrida 'Whirlwind' [28] | white | semi-double | 27 in. | 35 in. | early Sep-early Nov | 41.1 days | Rochester, NY 1887 |
E. japonica 'Bressingham Glow' [29] | deep pink | semi-double to double | 20 in. | 32 in. | early Sep-early Nov | 54.2 days | Alan Bloom, England |
E. japonica 'Pamina' [30] | deep pink | semi-double to double | 30 in. | 28 in. | late Aug-late Oct | 46.8 days | Germany |
E. japonica 'Prinz Heinrich' [31] | rose pink | semi-double to double | 28 in. | 31 in. | early Sep-early Nov | 64.8 days | Germany, 1902 |
E. japonica 'Splendens' [32] | rose pink | single to semi-double | 25 in. | 34 in. | late Aug-early Nov | 61.2 days | 1920 |
E. tomentosa 'Alba' | white | single | late Sep-early Nov | 22.0 days |
As of March 2020 [update] , the following cultivars have gained the Award of Garden Merit (AGM) from the Royal Horticultural Society: [33]
The cultivars E. × hybrida 'Andrea Atkinson', E. × hybrida 'Lady Gilmour', E. japonica 'Prinz Heinrich', and E. × hybrida 'Robustissima' were removed from the AGM list in 2013.
Anemone is a genus of flowering plants in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. Plants of the genus are commonly called windflowers. They are native to the temperate and subtropical regions of all continents except Australia, New Zealand and Antarctica. The genus is closely related to several other genera including Anemonoides, Anemonastrum, Hepatica, and Pulsatilla. Some botanists include these genera within Anemone.
A daylily, day lily or ditch-lily is a flowering plant in the genus Hemerocallis, a member of the family Asphodelaceae, subfamily Hemerocallidoideae, native to Asia. Despite the common name, it is not, in fact, a lily, nor does it specifically grow in ditches. Gardening enthusiasts and horticulturists have long bred Hemerocallis species for their attractive flowers; a select few species of the genus have edible petals, while some are extremely toxic. Thousands of cultivars have been registered by the American Daylily Society, the only internationally recognized registrant according to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP).. The plants are perennial, bulbous plants, whose common name alludes to its flowers, which typically last about a day.
Hepatica is a genus of herbaceous perennials in the buttercup family, native to central and northern Europe, Asia and eastern North America. Some botanists include Hepatica within a wider interpretation of Anemone.
Lespedeza is a genus of some 45 species of flowering plants in the pea family (Fabaceae), commonly known as bush clovers or Japanese clovers (hagi). The genus is native to warm temperate to subtropical regions of eastern North America, eastern and southern Asia and Australasia.
Weigela is a genus of between six and 38 species of deciduous shrubs in the family Caprifoliaceae, growing to 1–5 m (3–15′) tall. All are natives of eastern Asia. The genus is named after the German scientist Christian Ehrenfried Weigel.
Astilbe is a genus of 18 species of rhizomatous flowering plants within the family Saxifragaceae, native to mountain ravines and woodlands in Asia and North America. Some species are known by the common names false goat's beard and false spirea.
Staphylea, called bladdernuts, is a small genus of 10 or 11 species of flowering plants in the family Staphyleaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The highest species diversity is in China, where four species occur.
Anemone hepatica, the common hepatica, liverwort, liverleaf, kidneywort, or pennywort, is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to woodland in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. This herbaceous perennial grows from a rhizome.
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum is a species of flowering plant in the aster family (Asteraceae). Commonly known as calico aster, starved aster, and white woodland aster, it is native to eastern and central North America. It is a perennial and herbaceous plant that may reach heights up to 120 centimeters and widths up to 30 centimeters.
Eriocapitella hupehensis, a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, is native to Asia. The specific epithet hupehensis, which means "from Hupeh province, China", refers to a region where the species is known to occur. In Chinese, it is called dǎ pò wǎn huā huā (打破碗花花), which means "broken bowl flower".
Dr Maarten Joost Maria Christenhusz is a Dutch botanist, natural historian and photographer.
Eriocapitella rivularis, a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, is native to Asia. The specific epithet rivularis means "waterside, of the rivers", which evidently refers to one of its preferred habitats. It is commonly called the riverside windflower. In Chinese, it is called cao yu mei, which means "grass jade plum".
Astilbe glaberrima, called the florist's spiraea and smooth rock astilbe, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Astilbe, native to Yakushima Island, Japan. Some authorities have it as a subspecies of Astilbe japonica, Astilbe japonica subsp. glaberrima. Its dwarf variety Astilbe glaberrima var. saxatilis has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Eriocapitella vitifolia, a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, is native to Asia. The specific epithet vitifolia means "vine-leaved, with leaves resembling those of Vitis", the genus of grapevines, and so the plant is commonly called the grape-leaved anemone or grape-leaved windflower. In Chinese, a common name is ye mian hua, which means "wild cotton".
Eriocapitella tomentosa, a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, is native to Asia. The specific epithet tomentosa means "thickly matted with hairs, tomentum (padding)". In Chinese, a common name is da huo cao (大火草), which means "big fire grass" or "great fireweed".
Eriocapitella rupicola, a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, is native to Asia. The specific epithet rupicola means "growing on rocks". In Chinese, a common name is yan sheng yin lian hua, which means "rock anemone".
Eriocapitella japonica is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. The specific epithet japonica means "from Japan", which is a misnomer since the species is introduced in Japan. It is native to China, Taiwan, and Vietnam.
Eriocapitella × hybrida is a hybrid of flowering plants in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. The parents of the hybrid are E. japonica and E. vitifolia. Cultivars of the hybrid are commonly known as Japanese anemone hybrids.
Japanese anemone is a common name for Eriocapitella japonica, a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae.
Scabiosa japonica is a species of flowering plant in the pincushion flower genus Scabiosa, native to central and southern Japan, and introduced to the Dominican Republic. A biennial or short-lived perennial reaching 10 to 50 cm, the Royal Horticultural Society considers it a good plant to attract pollinators. A number of cultivars are commercially available, including 'Blue Note', 'Blue Star', 'Blue Diamonds', 'Ritz Blue', and 'Ritz Rose'.