Eriocapitella hupehensis, a species of flowering plant in the Ranunculaceae family of plants and has an extensive native distribution across a large area of Asia.[1] The plant was previously known as Anemone hupehensis and is often still referred to as such. Together with several closely related species and hybrids between these species, in horticulture these plants are often referred to as Japanese anemones.[2]
The specific epithethupehensis, which means "from Hupeh" (i.e. Hubei),[3] refers to a province in China where the species is known to occur. In Chinese, it is called dǎpòwǎnhuāhuā (打破碗花花),[4][5] which means "broken bowl flower".[6]
Description
Eriocapitella hupehensis is a perennialherbaceous plant with a rhizome-like root structure. It is a clump-forming plant with 3–5 basal leaves, each with a petiole5 to 35cm (2 to 14in) long. The leaf blades are ternate with a central leaflet 4 to 10cm (1.6 to 3.9in) long and 3 to 10cm (1.2 to 3.9in) wide. The lateral leaflets are similar to but smaller than the central leaflet. The stem is 30 to 100cm (12 to 39in) long, occasionally up to 120cm (47in) long. A whorl of 3leaves (technically bracts) wraps around the stem. The stem leaves are similar in appearance to the basal leaves but somewhat smaller. The inflorescence is a cyme with 2 or 3branches and a primary flower stalk 3 to 10cm (1.2 to 3.9in) long. Each flower is approximately 5cm (2.0in) across. In its native habitat, the flower usually has 5sepals (no petals) but cultivated plants have double flowers with around 20sepals. The sepals may be purple, purple-red, pink or white. In the center of the flower, there are more than 100pistils each 1.5 mm long, surrounded by prominent yellow stamens approximately 5mm (0.2in) long. The fruits are small ovoid achenes with straight styles.[4]
Taxonomy
Eriocapitella hupehensis was described by Maarten J. M. Christenhusz and James W. Byng in 2018.[7] Like other members of genus Eriocapitella, E.hupehensis was formerly a member of genus Anemone. The basionymAnemone japonica var.hupehensisLemoine was described in 1908.[8]
Eriocapitella hupehensis and its cultivars are cultivated worldwide, especially in Asia, Europe, and South America, where naturalized populations are known to exist. In China, E.hupehensis has been cultivated since at least the 17th century, probably dating back to the Tang dynasty (618–907). Hundreds of years ago, a semi-double form of E.hupehensisescaped cultivation and spread across China to Japan and Korea. This descendant of E.hupehensis, now known as E.japonica, is a parent of the artificial hybrid E.×hybrida.[10][9][11]
At the Chicago Botanic Garden, Rudy experimented with 26cultivars of fall-blooming anemones over a 5-year period beginning in 1998. His experiments included three cultivars of E.hupehensis:[9]
↑ Klingaman, Gerald (13 October 2006). "Japanese anemone". University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture Cooperative Extension Service. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 2010-01-07.
Wang, Wei; Lu, An-Ming; Ren, Yi; Endress, Mary E.; Chen, Zhi-Duan (January 2009). "Phylogeny and classification of Ranunculales: Evidence from four molecular loci and morphological data". Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics. 11 (2): 81–110. doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2009.01.001.
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