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Executive Order 11246, signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson on September 24, 1965, established requirements for non-discriminatory practices in hiring and employment on the part of U.S. government contractors. It "prohibits federal contractors and federally assisted construction contractors and subcontractors, who do over $10,000 in Government business in one year from discriminating in employment decisions on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin." It also requires contractors to "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, color, religion, sex or national origin." The phrase affirmative action had appeared previously in Executive Order 10925 in 1961.
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Hobart T. Taylor Jr. was an American attorney and civil servant who was Special Legal Counsel and the Executive Vice Chairman of the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunities, the forerunner to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission from 1961 to 1965. He was the first non-white person to direct the staff of a presidential commission. He is credited with coining the phrase "affirmative action". He was appointed Associate Special Counsel to the President in 1964, making him one of the highest-ranking African Americans in the US government. He left the commission and the White House staff in 1965 to become a director of the Export–Import Bank of the United States, serving until 1968.
Proposition 16 is a California ballot proposition that appeared on the November 3, 2020, general election ballot, asking California voters to amend the Constitution of California to repeal Proposition 209 (1996). Proposition 209 amended the state constitution to prohibit government institutions from considering race, sex, or ethnicity, specifically in the areas of public employment, public contracting, and public education. Therefore, Proposition 209 banned the use of race- and gender-based affirmative action in California's public sector and public university admissions.
References
- 1 2 3 MacLaury, Judson (2010). "President Kennedy's E.O. 10925: Seedbed of Affirmative Action" (PDF). Society for History in the Federal Government . Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016.
- ↑ Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Executive Order 10925, archived 10 February 2011, accessed 25 July 2023
- ↑ Stewart, John F. (1 November 1967). "Taylor, Hobart: Oral History Interview". John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
- ↑ Golland, David Hamilton, Constructing Affirmative Action: The Struggle for Equal Employment Opportunity (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2011)
