Plot
Lieutenant Jake "Cool Hand" Grafton and his bombardier/navigator Lieutenant Morgan "Morg" McPherson are flying a Grumman A-6 Intruder during the Vietnam War over the Gulf of Tonkin. They hit their target in North Vietnam, a 'suspected truck park', which turns out to be trees. As they return to their aircraft carrier, Morg is shot in the neck by an armed Vietnamese peasant on the ground. Jake lands on USS Independence with Morg dead. Jake, covered in blood, is debriefed by Commander Frank Camparelli and Executive Officer, Commander "Cowboy" Parker who tell him to put Morgan's death behind him and write a letter to his wife. Camparelli tells Jake's roommate Sammy Lundeen to fly Jake into Subic Bay with Bob "Boxman" Walkawitz and "Mad Jack" and help Jake unwind. Jake tries to see Sharon, who has already departed and has a tense encounter with Callie Troy who is packing Sharon's things. After an altercation with civilian merchant sailors in the Tailhook Bar, Jake runs into Callie again. After they spend the night together she reveals her husband was a Navy pilot killed on a solo mission over Vietnam.
Camparelli confronts Jake about the bar incident, but Cole sides with Jake. The two fly a successful "Iron Hand" mission to suppress enemy surface to air missiles and evade a North Vietnamese MiG-17. Jake suggests they bomb Hanoi, a violation of their restrictive rules of engagement (ROE). Cole rejects the idea, which could get them court-martialed. Boxman is killed on their next mission by a SAM. North Vietnamese television gloats over the downing of the U.S. aircraft and Cole agrees to attack "SAM City", a surface-to-air missile depot in Hanoi. They coercive the Squadron Intelligence Officer, who they've caught urinating in the commander's coffee decanter, to secure support for the mission. He warns Jake and Cole that they have no chance of success.
On a mission to bomb a power plant near Hanoi, they drop only two bombs, saving eight for the missile depot, and change course. On their first pass over SAM City their armament computer malfunctions and they are forced to aim by reckoning. Nearly brought down by enemy fire, their bombs fail to release. They successfully drop their bombs on a second pass and obliterate the missile depot. Camparelli chastises them and they are court martialled at the U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay where they are heavily criticized during the preliminary hearing and told their naval careers are essentially over.
The charges are dropped when Operation Linebacker II is ordered by President Richard M. Nixon, and the unauthorized mission is covered up. Camparelli grounds Jake and Cole while the rest of the carrier's A-6 and A-7 crews conduct a daylight raid to destroy anti-aircraft emplacements: the tangible, lucrative targets they've longed to attack. Camparelli is hit by anti-aircraft fire and crash lands with a dead bombardier. Sammy Lundeen is hit and heads for the ocean. Razor, a new pilot, disobeys Camparelli's order to disengage. Jake and Cole, defying orders, man their Intruder, launch and fly one more time to assist Camparelli. They destroy the self-propelled anti-aircraft gun, but are forced to eject from a heavily damaged aircraft. Jake lands near Camparelli's crashed Intruder while Cole is mortally wounded in hand-to-hand combat with an enemy soldier. He radios Jake and tells him he's already gotten away. A pair of U.S. Air Force A-1 Skyraiders appear to provide overhead cover.
Cole instructs the lead Skyraider to bomb the spot he marked with smoke and is killed with a few dozen NVA soldiers. Jake and Camparelli retreat into the woods pursued by a sniper and are retrieved by a rescue helicopter while the Skyraiders make a final napalm run.
Recovering from his injuries, Jake reconciles with Camparelli as the carrier returns to port.
Production
Original novel
The US Naval Institute, which publishes Proceedings, the professional journal of the US Navy, had a success publishing the first original novel in its 112-year history with The Hunt for Red October . They were flooded with manuscripts and decided to publish as a follow-up Flight of the Intruder by Stephen Coonts. [2] Coonts was a Denver lawyer who had flown during the Vietnam War; he was discharged in 1977 after nine years of active duty, including two combat cruises aboard the Enterprise, 1600 hours in Intruders and 305 carrier landings, 100 of them at night. He had sent the book to 36 publishers, 30 of whom refused to look at it, four who rejected it and two that he was waiting to hear back from. [3] Coonts says he made up the central thrust of the film: "There was no secret bombing. It comes out of the character's deep-seated sense of frustration with the course of the war". [4]
The book became a best seller, due in part to an endorsement from Tom Clancy and President Ronald Reagan (who had liked Red October) and was a selection for the Book of the Month Club. Paperback rights were sold for $341,000. [5] [6]
The book spent over six months on the best seller list and sold over 230,000 copies in hardback. Coonts signed a contract with Doubleday to write another novel about pilot Jake Grafton, Final Flight . The Naval Institute Arm sent Coonts a letter asking for a licensing fee to use the character again. [3]
Development
Film rights were bought by producer Mace Neufeld, who had filmed The Hunt for Red October. A script was written and John McTiernan was originally going to direct Intruder but dropped out and eventually served as an executive producer. [7] The Russian sequences in the film of October had been rewritten at Sean Connery's request by John Milius, and Milius was signed to direct Intruder. [8]
Milius commented about the novel: "It was such an internal examination of that life and what it takes to fly. There was such wonderful reality on life aboard a naval carrier and life in Vietnam. I loved the whole idea of what those guys do". [9]
Milius rewrote the original script. According to Sam Sayers, who worked on the film as technical adviser, "I never saw the first script, but I understand there were scenes of pilots smoking pot and that kind of nonsense. It was unrealistic - Top Gun in Vietnam. Milius just went back to the book. It's the reason he wanted to make the film". [4]
Coonts said that "most books don't seem to survive, but this was an excellent transition. It takes 12 hours to read the book on tape, and it's certainly abridged - 13 flights in the book are scrunched down to four, and the role of the girl (played by Rosanna Arquette) is smaller. But the themes of the film are the same as the book". [4]
Milius said that he was not interested in debating about the Vietnam War, but about "what happens to people, in this case the professionals who fought it, and their reactions as human beings, the institutions that people belong to and give themselves to that are larger than themselves... It certainly is no more patriotic than The Right Stuff , but it's in the same vein". [10]
Milius also added that "one of the things I like about the military, and why I'd have loved to be an officer in the Navy, is that the (moral) code is very simple. I come from a business where there's a preponderance of literature on the lack of morality - and I don't find it terribly entertaining, that atmosphere, in fact I find it rather weak". [10]
The lead roles of the pilots were given to Richard Gere and Brad Johnson; Johnson had just played a key role in Steven Spielberg's Always (1989). Milius talked to Richard Dreyfuss about playing the squadron commander. [11] Rosanna Arquette had the female lead. Gere dropped out and was replaced by Willem Dafoe. Danny Glover played the squadron commander. The film included an early role for Tom Sizemore.
Danny Glover spent five days aboard the aircraft carrier USS Independence for research, which he said made him appreciate the story more: "It's about the camaraderie and the bond of trust that exists between men under stress. The camaraderie and trust I've seen among the men here, many only 18 or 20 years old, in peacetime, has got to be that much stronger under conditions of conflict, especially if they don't feel they're supported from up above". [10]
Shooting
Filming began in November 1989 on location in Hawaii.
Flight of the Intruder was made with complete U.S. Navy cooperation, with eight Naval Air facilities at the disposal of the Paramount production team. [12] The USS Independence (CV-62), provided for two weeks of filming in November 1989 and A-6E Intruders from VA-165 "Boomers" were used. Members of VA-165 spent two weeks on the Independence. The film crew kept the ship's fire party busy with numerous small electrical fires started by their lighting equipment. [13] The Navy had script approval and was reimbursed for costs associated with the film: an estimated $1.2 million. [14] [15]
The ship seen on guard station in the background as Grafton threw Morg's fuzzy dice overboard after his memorial service was the USS William H. Standley (CG-32). Naval Air Station Barbers Point Hawaii Hangar 111 (HSL-37 and VC-1 hangar) housed the A-6 Intruders during filming in Hawaii. The battleship USS Missouri along with USS Peleliu (LHA-5) can be seen behind Camparelli during the court martial sequence. USS Sides (FFG-14) also appears in a separate scene. Two scenes were shot at Naval Station Long Beach, California.
The dancing and beach scenes with Rosanna Arquette and Brad Johnson were shot at Pacific Missile Range Facility, Barking Sands Kauai. While the outdoor scenes of partying in the "Philippines" was shot in Hanapepe, Kauai.
Future U.S. Senator Fred Thompson had a major speaking part during the court-martial sequence, portraying a U.S. Navy Judge Advocate General (JAG) Corps captain. As a favor to his friend, John Milius, Ed O'Neill was originally cast in the movie in a small uncredited role, but when the film was screened for test audiences, his appearance led to laughter, as audience members associated him with his Married... with Children character, Al Bundy. The director recast his character and reshot those scenes. [16]
Milius described the film as one of the "worst experiences" of his career:
That was Paramount with the Paramount control, and they tried to control every aspect of it. I'd spent more money than I'd ever spent before, because they told me how much I was going to spend on it. They didn't let me control it. I would have made that movie for at least $5 million less. [17] [N 1]
Before the film was released, Milius did a draft of Clear and Present Danger . [19]
Differences from the novel
In the novel, the A-6 Intruder pilots operate from the fictional aircraft carrier USS Shiloh. Grafton enlists his new bombardier Cole and Abe Steiger (the squadron intelligence officer) to attack the headquarters of the Communist Party in Hanoi, but Steiger is unable to find any information on Communist Party Headquarters among the targeting materials available aboard the Shiloh. [22] They ultimately decide to attack the National Assembly building as requesting targeting information about Communist Party Headquarters would raise unwanted attention and suspicion. [22] In the novel, Callie had not been previously wed (nor was she a mother). In another departure from the film, Grafton and Cole are shot down during a twilight SAM suppression raid. Major Frank Allen, an Air Force A-1 pilot and member of the rescue operation to recover Grafton and Cole, is shot down. Dying and unable to free himself from his aircraft, he calls in a strike on his location, not Cole. The novel ends with Cole and Grafton being rescued. Cole is eventually transferred to Naval Hospital Pensacola, Florida, for treatment of his wounds while Grafton reflects on his progress towards his naval service and gets lost in a state of limbo regarding his career.
Reception
The film was meant to be released on July 13, 1990, but was delayed in order to shoot a new ending. [23] [24] Neufeld said the studio did not want the film to compete with two other military-aircraft themed films, Memphis Belle and Air America . Also he wanted to film an additional scene aboard the USS Ranger in San Diego with Danny Glover and Brad Johnson: "We worked around the navy's schedule. After all, you just don't put in an order for one of these things to come into port". [25] The film was eventually released in January 1991. It coincided with the beginning of Operation Desert Storm. [26]
The film earned $5,725,133 in its first weekend on 1,489 screens, making it the fourth most popular film in the US. Its final theater gross was $14,587,732, failing to recoup its $30 million budget. [27]
Critical response
Flight of the Intruder earned mostly negative reviews upon its release, with many reviewers noting inconsistencies in plot and continuity errors in the final edit, as well as the low-budget special effects. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 23% approval rating based on 13 reviews, with a rating average of 4.80/10. [28] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale. [29]
Roger Ebert called the film a "mess", noting that "some scenes say one thing, some say another, while the movie develops an absurd and unbelievable ending and a final shot so cloying you want to shout rude suggestions at the screen". [30] In a 2019 interview, Stephen Coonts, the author of the book on which the film was based, gave two reasons for the poor quality of the film. Firstly, his book being poorly suited for adaption into a film, and secondly micromanagement from the US Navy, which was providing access to its ships and aircraft for the film. [31]
