Flindersia xanthoxyla

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Yellowwood
Flindersia xanthoxyla flowers.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Rutaceae
Genus: Flindersia
Species:
F. xanthoxyla
Binomial name
Flindersia xanthoxyla
Synonyms [1]
Fruit Flindersia xanthoxyla.jpg
Fruit
Habit in the Lockyer Valley Flindersia xanthoxyla habit.jpg
Habit in the Lockyer Valley

Flindersia xanthoxyla, commonly known as yellowwood, long jack or yellowwood ash, [2] is a species of rainforest tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has pinnate leaves arranged in opposite pairs with seven to eleven leaflets, panicles of yellow flowers and woody fruit studded with rough points on the surface.

Contents

Description

Flindersia xanthoxyla is a tree that typically grows to a height of 40–45 m (131–148 ft) with a trunk diameter of 90 cm (35 in). The trunk is cylindrical and straight with grey or brownish grey bark. The bark features vertical fissures, and is shed in small flakes. The smaller branches show distinct leaf scars, with star-shaped hairs on new growth. The leaves are pinnate, 110–320 mm (4.3–12.6 in) long and arranged in opposite pairs with seven to eleven egg-shaped to elliptical leaflets. The leaflets are mostly 40–130 mm (1.6–5.1 in) long and 10–32 mm (0.39–1.26 in) wide, the side leaflets sessile or on a petiolule up to 6 mm (0.24 in) long and the end leaflet on a petiolule 8–28 mm (0.31–1.10 in) long. The leaflets are bright green above, paler below. The flowers are arranged in panicles in leaf axils or on the ends of branchlets and are 170–250 mm (6.7–9.8 in) long. The sepals are about 1 mm (0.039 in) long and the petals yellow or pale yellow, 4–4.5 mm (0.16–0.18 in) long. Flowering occurs from October to February and the fruit is a woody capsule 65–110 mm (2.6–4.3 in) long, studded with rough points up to 4 mm (0.16 in) long. At maturity it separates into five valves, releasing winged seeds 33–50 mm (1.3–2.0 in) long. [3] [4] [5]

Taxonomy

Yellowwood was first formally described in 1830 by Charles Fraser from an unpublished manuscript by Allan Cunningham who gave it the name Oxleya xanthoxyla. The description was published in William Jackson Hooker's Botanical Miscellany . [6] [7] In 1927 Karel Domin changed the name to Flindersia xanthxyla. [8]

Distribution and habitat

Flindersia xanthoxyla grows in dry and subtropical rainforest at altitudes between 75 and 500 m (246 and 1,640 ft) from the Richmond River in north-eastern New South Wales to Gympie in south eastern Queensland. [3] [4] [5]

Conservation status

Flindersia xanthoxyla is classified as of "least concern" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992 . [2]

Uses

An ornamental tree, it is also planted for shade. It was previously used for timber in the construction of coaches, cabinet making, flooring, tool handles, lining, ammunition boxes, artificial limbs and joinery. The timber has steam bending qualities. [9] The weight is between 575 and 900 kilograms per cubic metre.

Related Research Articles

<i>Flindersia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Flindersia is a genus of 17 species of small to large trees in the family Rutaceae. They have simple or pinnate leaves, flowers arranged in panicles at or near the ends of branchlets and fruit that is a woody capsule containing winged seeds. They grow naturally in Australia, the Moluccas, New Guinea and New Caledonia.

<i>Flindersia ifflana</i> Species of flowering plant

Flindersia ifflana, commonly known as hickory ash or Cairns hickory, is a species of tree in the family Rutaceae and is native to Papua New Guinea and Queensland. It has pinnate leaves with between four and twelve egg-shaped to elliptical leaflets, panicles of white or cream-coloured flowers and woody fruit studded with rough points.

Flindersia laevicarpa, commonly known in Australia as rose ash, scented maple or dirran maple, is a species of medium-sized to large tree in the family Rutaceae and is native to Papua New Guinea, West Papua and Queensland. It has pinnate leaves with four to eight egg-shaped to elliptical leaflets, panicles of cream-coloured, yellowish, red or purple flowers and smooth woody fruit that split into five at maturity, releasing winged seeds.

<i>Flindersia pimenteliana</i> Species of flowering plant

Flindersia pimenteliana, commonly known as maple silkwood, red beech or rose silkwood, is a species of tree in the family Rutaceae and is native to New Guinea and Queensland. It has pinnate leaves with three to seven egg-shaped to elliptic leaflets, panicles of red or reddish flowers and fruit studded with rough points.

<i>Flindersia schottiana</i> Species of flowering plant

Flindersia schottiana, commonly known as bumpy ash, cudgerie or silver ash, is a species of rainforest tree in the family Rutaceae and is native to New Guinea and eastern Australia. It has pinnate leaves with mostly ten to sixteen leaflets, panicles of white flowers and woody fruit studded with rough points.

<i>Flindersia brayleyana</i> Species of tree

Flindersia brayleyana, commonly known as Queensland maple, maple silkwood or red beech, is a species of tree in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to northern Queensland. It has pinnate leaves with between six and ten leaflets, panicles of white or cream-coloured flowers and smooth fruit that opens in five sections to release winged seeds.

<i>Zanthoxylum brachyacanthum</i> Species of tree

Zanthoxylum brachyacanthum, known as thorny yellowwood, satinwood, satinwood or scrub mulga, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It is a rainforest shrub or tree with thick, cone-shaped spines on the trunk and prickles on the branches, pinnate leaves, and male and female flowers arranged in panicles.

<i>Flindersia australis</i> Species of tree

Flindersia australis, commonly known as crow's ash, flindosy or Australian teak, is a species of tree that is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It has pinnate leaves with between five and thirteen egg-shaped to elliptical leaflets, white to cream-coloured flowers arranged in panicles on the ends of branchlets and followed by woody capsules studded with short, rough points and containing winged seeds.

<i>Pentaceras</i> Genus of trees

Pentaceras australe, commonly known as bastard crow's ash, penta ash or black teak, is the only species in the genus Pentaceras in the plant family Rutaceae. It is a small to medium-sized rainforest tree endemic to eastern Australia. It has pinnate leaves with up to fifteen leaflets, small white flowers arranged in panicles on the ends of branchlets, and winged seeds.

<i>Flindersia collina</i> Species of tree

Flindersia collina, commonly known as broad-leaved leopard tree, leopard ash, bastard crow's ash or leatherwood, is a species of tree in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It usually has pinnate leaves with between three and seven elliptical to spatula-shaped leaves, panicles of white flowers and fruit studded with rough points.

<i>Flindersia bennettii</i> Species of tree

Flindersia bennettii, commonly known as Bennett's ash, is a species of tree in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It has pinnate leaves with between three and nine leaflets, cream-coloured flowers arranged on the ends of branchlets and woody fruit containing winged seeds.

<i>Bosistoa transversa</i> Species of flowering plant

Bosistoa transversa, commonly known as the yellow satinheart, or three-leaved bosistoa, is a species of small to medium-sized rainforest tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has mostly pinnate leaves, usually with three leaflets and panicles of small white flowers.

<i>Bosistoa pentacocca</i> Species of flowering plant

Bosistoa pentacocca, commonly known as ferny-leaf bosistoa, native almond or union nut, is a species of tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has pinnate leaves arranged in opposite pairs with between three and thirteen leaflets and panicles of small flowers arranged in leaf axils or on the ends of branches. It grows along streams in rainforest.

<i>Zanthoxylum ovalifolium</i> A species of plant in the family Rutaceae

Zanthoxylum ovalifolium, commonly known as thorny yellowwood, oval-leaf yellow wood or little yellowwood, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae. It is a shrub or tree usually with trifoliate leaves, white, male and female flowers arranged in panicles in leaf axils or on the ends of branchlets and red, purple or brown follicles.

<i>Bosistoa medicinalis</i> Species of flowering plant

Bosistoa medicinalis, commonly known as the northern towra or Eumundi bosistoa, is a species of small to medium-sized rainforest tree that is endemic to Queensland. It has simple and pinnate leaves with two or three leaflets and panicles of small white flowers.

<i>Dinosperma</i> Genus of flowering plants

Dinosperma is a genus of plant containing the single species Dinosperma erythrococcum, commonly known as tingletongue, clubwood or nutmeg, and is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It is a tree usually with trifoliate leaves arranged in opposite pairs, the leaflets lance-shaped to oblong, and panicles of small white flowers, later bright orange to red, slightly fleshy follicles containing shiny, bluish black seeds.

<i>Flindersia acuminata</i> Species of tree

Flindersia acuminata, commonly known as silver silkwood, icewood, Putt's pine, Paddy King's beech or silver maple, is a species of tree that has pinnate leaves with between six and ten egg-shaped to elliptic leaflets, creamy yellow flowers arranged in panicles, and fruit studded with short, rough points.

<i>Flindersia bourjotiana</i> Species of tree

Flindersia bourjotiana, commonly known as Queensland silver ash, northern silver ash, or white ash, is a species of tree that is endemic to Queensland. It has pinnate leaves arranged in opposite pairs and with between four and eight narrow egg-shaped to elliptic leaflets, greenish white flowers arranged in panicles, and fruit studded with short, rough points.

<i>Flindersia brassii</i> Species of tree

Flindersia brassii, commonly known as hard scented maple or Claudie River scented maple, is a species of tree that is endemic to Queensland. It has pinnate leaves with between four and nine narrow elliptical leaflets, white or cream-coloured flowers arranged in panicles, and fruit studded with rough points.

<i>Flindersia dissosperma</i> Species of tree

Flindersia dissosperma, commonly known as scrub leopardwood, is a species of small tree in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to eastern-central Queensland. It usually has pinnate leaves with between three and five elliptical to egg-shaped leaves, panicles of white to cream-coloured flowers and fruit studded with rough points.

References

  1. 1 2 "Flindersia xanthoxyla". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  2. 1 2 "Species profile—Flindersia xanthoxyla (yellow-wood)". Queensland Government Department of Environment and Science. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  3. 1 2 Floyd, Alexander G. (2008). Rainforest trees of mainland south-eastern Australia. Lismore, N.S.W.: Terania Rainforest Publishing. p. 361. ISBN   9780958943673.
  4. 1 2 Porteners, Marianne F. "Flindersia xanthoxyla". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  5. 1 2 "Flindersia xanthoxyla". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  6. "Oxleya xanthoxyla". APNI. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  7. Fraser, Charles; Hooker, William Jackson (ed.) (1830). Botanical Miscellany. London: J. Murray. pp. 246–247. Retrieved 18 July 2020.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  8. "Flindersia xanthoxyla". APNI. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  9. "Flindersia xanthoxyla". Brisbane Rainforest Action & Information Network. Archived from the original on 2011-02-16. Retrieved 2010-06-17.