This is a list of the flora of South Georgia, an island in the subantarctic Atlantic Ocean, part of the British overseas territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. [1] [2] [3] There are 26 native plant species, and there has been 76 species of introduced plants recorded on the island.
Introduced species tend to be located in the areas of human settlement, such as the former sealing and whaling stations.
Common name | |
---|---|
Blechnum penna-marina | Antarctic hard-fern or small fern |
Cystopteris fragilis | Brittle bladder-fern or common fragile fern |
Grammitis poeppigeana | Strap fern |
Hymenophyllum falklandicum | Filmy fern |
Lycopodium magellanicum | Magellanic clubmoss |
Ophioglossum crotalophoroides | Adder's tongue |
Polystichum mohrioides | Shield-fern |
Latin name | Common name |
---|---|
Acaena magellanica | Greater burnet |
Acaena magellanica × tenera | Hybrid burnet |
Acaena tenera | Lesser burnet |
Alopecurus magellanicus | Antarctic foxtail |
Callitriche antarctica | Antarctic starwort |
Colobanthus quitensis | Antarctic pearlwort |
Colobanthus subulatus | Lesser pearlwort or sessile pearlwort or emerald bog |
Deschampsia antarctica | Antarctic hair-grass |
Festuca contracta | Tufted fescue |
Galium antarcticum | Antarctic bedstraw |
Juncus inconspicuous | Lesser rush |
Juncus scheuchzerioides | Greater native rush |
Montia fontana | Water blinks |
Phleum alpinum | Alpine cats-tail |
Poa flabellata | Tussac grass |
Ranunculus biternatus | Antarctic buttercup |
Rostkovia magellanica | Brown (or short) rush |
Uncinia macrolepis | Smith's sedge |
Latin name | Common name |
---|---|
Achillea millefolium | Yarrow |
Achillea ptarmica | Sneezewort |
Agrostis capillaris | Common bent |
Agrostis vinealis | Brown bent |
Anthoxanthum odoratum | Sweet vernal grass |
Anthriscus sylvestris | Cow parsley |
Capsella bursa-pastoris | Shephard's purse |
Cardamine glacialis | Bittercress |
Carex aquatilis | Water sedge |
Carex nigra | Common sedge |
Carex vallis-pulchrae | Marsh sedge |
Cerastium fontanum | Common mouse-eared chickweed |
Dactylis glomerata | Cocksfoot |
Deschampsia cespitosa | Tufted hair-grass |
Deschampsia flexuosa | Wavy hair-grass |
Deschampsia parvula | Punkgrass |
Elymus repens | Couch grass |
Empetrum rubrum | Diddle-dee |
Festuca rubra | Red fescue |
Hypericum sp. | St. John's wort |
Juncus filiformis | Thread rush |
Leptinella scariosa | Feathery buttonweed |
Lobelia pratiana | Berry lobelia |
Luzula multiflora | Heath wood-rush |
Nardus stricta | Mat grass |
Poa annua | Annual meadow grass |
Poa pratensis | Smooth meadow grass |
Poa trivialis | Rough meadow grass |
Ranunculus acris | Meadow buttercup |
Ranunculus repens | Creeping buttercup |
Rumex acetosella | Sheep's sorrel |
Rumex crispus | Curled dock |
Sagina procumbens | Procumbent pearlwort |
Stellaria media | Common chickweed |
Taraxacum officinale | Dandelion |
Trifolium repens | White clover |
Tripleurospermum inodorum | Scentless mayweed |
Trisetum spicatum | Spikey trisetum |
Vaccinium vitis-idaea | Cowberry |
Veronica serpyllifolia | Thyme-leaved speedwell |
Latin name | Common name | Year last seen | Location |
---|---|---|---|
Aegilops sp. | Goat grass | 1961 | Grytviken |
Alchemilla monticola | Velvet lady's mantle | 1992 | Husvik |
Allium schoenoprasum | Chives | 2015 | Leith |
Alopecurus magellanicus | Marsh foxtail | 1968 | Grytviken |
Artemisia sp | Mugwort | 1967 | Grytviken |
Avena fatua | Wild-oat | 1961 | Grytviken |
Brassica cf. napus | Rape | 1961 | Grytviken |
Carum carvi | Caraway | 1968 | Grytviken |
Centella sp. | Centella | 1967 | Grytviken |
Cerastium arvense | Field mouse-ear | 1970 | Grytviken |
Daucus carota | Carrot | 1967 | Grytviken |
Festuca ovina | Sheep's fescue | 1981 | Husvik |
Festuca perennis | Italian rye-grass | 1961 | Grytviken |
Hypericum tetrapterum | Square-stemmed St. John's wort | 2005 | Husvik |
Lactuca sp. | Wild lettuce | 1971 | Grytviken |
Lamium purpureum | Red dead-nettle | 1969 | King Edward Point |
Lolium temulentum | Darnel rye-grass | 1961 | Leith |
Lotus corniculatus | Bird's foot trefoil | 1992 | Husvik |
Lupinus sp. | Lupin | 1961 | Leith |
Matricaria discoidea | Pineapple weed | 1979 | King Edward Point |
Phleum pratense | Timothy grass | 1961 | Husvik |
Pisum sativum | Pea | 1961 | King Edward point |
Plantago sp. | Hoary plantain | 1967 | Grytviken |
Raphanus sp. | Radish | 1968 | Grytviken |
Rorippa islandica | Northern yellow-cress | 1971 | Grytviken |
Rumex alpinus | Alpine dock | 1961 | Leith |
Senecio vulgaris | Common groundsel | 1967 | King Edward Point |
Sinapis arvensis | Charlock | 1979 | King Edward Point |
Solanum tuberosum | Potato | 1967 | Grytviken |
Sonchus sp. | Sow thistle | 1979 | King Edward Point |
Stellaria graminea | Grass leaf-starwort | 1964 | Husvik |
Thlaspi arvense | Field penny-cress | 1961 | Husvik |
Trifolium hybridum | Alsike clover | 1980 | Leith |
Urtica dioica | Common nettle | 1967 | Leith |
Urtica urens | Annual nettle | 1961 | Grytviken |
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) is a British Overseas Territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean. It is a remote and inhospitable collection of islands, consisting of South Georgia and a chain of smaller islands known as the South Sandwich Islands. South Georgia is 165 kilometres (103 mi) long and 35 kilometres (22 mi) wide and is by far the largest island in the territory. The South Sandwich Islands lie about 700 kilometres (430 mi) southeast of South Georgia. The territory's total land area is 3,903 km2 (1,507 sq mi). The Falkland Islands are about 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) west from its nearest point.
Quercus garryana is an oak tree species of the Pacific Northwest, with a range stretching from southern California to southwestern British Columbia. It is commonly known as the Garry Oak, Oregon white oak or Oregon oak. It grows from sea level to an altitude of 690 feet in the northern part of its range, and from 980 to 5,900 ft in the south of the range in California. The eponymous Nicholas Garry was deputy governor of the Hudson's Bay Company.
South Georgia is an island in the South Atlantic Ocean that is part of the British Overseas Territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. It lies around 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) east of the Falkland Islands. Stretching in the east–west direction, South Georgia is around 170 kilometres (106 mi) long and has a maximum width of 35 kilometres (22 mi). The terrain is mountainous, with the central ridge rising to 2,935 metres (9,629 ft) at Mount Paget. The northern coast is indented with numerous bays and fjords, serving as good harbours.
Poa flabellata, commonly known as tussac grass or just tussac, is a tussock grass native to southern South America, the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and other islands in the South Atlantic. There are also two isolated records from the herbarium at the French Muséum national d'histoire naturelle for the Île Amsterdam in the Indian Ocean.
Allium canadense, the Canada onion, Canadian garlic, wild garlic, meadow garlic and wild onion is a perennial plant native to eastern North America from Texas to Florida to New Brunswick to Montana. The species is also cultivated in other regions as an ornamental and as a garden culinary herb. The plant is also reportedly naturalized in Cuba.
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Trillium rugelii, also known as the southern nodding trillium or illscented wakerobin, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is native to parts of the southeastern United States. It is found in the Great Smoky Mountains, Fernbank Forest, Steven's Creek Heritage Preserve, and other places of the Piedmont and southern Appalachian Mountains in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Tennessee. It prefers to grow near streams in humus-rich soil under the shade of deciduous trees.
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Arctium minus, commonly known as lesser burdock, little burdock, louse-bur, common burdock, button-bur, cuckoo-button, or wild rhubarb, is a biennial plant. This plant is native to Europe, but has become introduced elsewhere such as Australia, North and South America, and other places.
The Scotia Sea Islands tundra is a tundra ecoregion which includes several island groups – South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, South Shetland Islands, and Bouvet Island – in the Scotia Sea, where the South Atlantic Ocean meets the Southern Ocean. Most of the terrain is covered with snow and permanent ice, with tundra vegetation - moss, lichen, and algae - on the remainder. The islands support important rookeries for seals, seabirds, and penguins. The islands have no permanent human habitation, and the cold, harsh climate and ending of seal hunting and whaling has prevented settlement.
Erythronium grandiflorum is a North American species of plants in the lily family. It is known by several common names, including yellow avalanche lily, glacier lily, and dogtooth fawn lily. The Ktunaxa name for glacier lily is maxa.
The flora of Australia comprises a vast assemblage of plant species estimated to over 21,000 vascular and 14,000 non-vascular plants, 250,000 species of fungi and over 3,000 lichens. The flora has strong affinities with the flora of Gondwana, and below the family level has a highly endemic angiosperm flora whose diversity was shaped by the effects of continental drift and climate change since the Cretaceous. Prominent features of the Australian flora are adaptations to aridity and fire which include scleromorphy and serotiny. These adaptations are common in species from the large and well-known families Proteaceae (Banksia), Myrtaceae, and Fabaceae.
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Stellaria apetala, lesser chickweed, is an annual herbaceous plant in the flowering plant family Caryophyllaceae. It occurs in short, sandy grassland by the sea and, less often, in similar habitat inland. It is native to Europe and is well established as an introduced species worldwide.
The wildlife of the Falkland Islands is quite similar to that of Patagonia. The Falkland Islands have no native reptiles or amphibians, and the only native land mammal, the warrah, is now extinct. However, a large number of bird species have been seen around the islands, and many of them breed on the smaller islands of the archipelago. Insects play a large role in the ecosystem of the islands, and over 200 species have been recorded. The waters around the Falkland Islands sustain many animals, including a large number of marine mammals. Three pinniped species breed on the islands.
Agrostis vinealis is a species of grass known by the common names brown bentgrass and brown bent, which can be found from Russia to Mongolia, China, Pakistan, India and Alaska. It was introduced to Greenland and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.
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South Georgia is home to just 25 species of native vascular plant, none of which are endemic. The poorly developed vascular plant flora is probably as a consequence of the island's isolation from major landmasses and the relatively harsh year-round climate. In contrast there are around 125 species of moss, 85 liverworts and more than 200 species of lichen.
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