Fort Sumner (Maryland)

This article is about the Civil War fort in Maryland. For the South Carolina fort where the U.S. Civil War began, see Fort Sumter. For other uses, see Fort Sumner (disambiguation).

Fort Sumner
Part of the Civil War Defenses of Washington
Montgomery County, Maryland
View of the Potomac River from Fort Sumner
Site information
Type	Earthwork fort
Controlled by	Union Army
Condition	Residential area
Location
Fort Sumner
Coordinates	38°57′19″N77°07′26″W / 38.9554°N 77.1240°W / 38.9554; -77.1240
Site history
Built	1861;164 years ago (1861)
Built by	U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
In use	1861–1865
Materials	Earth, timber
Demolished	1953
Battles/wars	American Civil War

Fort Sumner was built during the American Civil War by the Union Army in the Brookmont section of Bethesda, Maryland, just northwest of Washington, D.C.

Construction

Plan of Fort Sumner

Barracks at Fort Sumner

The earthwork fort was an 1863 expansion of Fort Alexander, Fort Ripley, and Fort Franklin, which were built to protect the Washington Aqueduct, the new water supply for the city, and the adjacent Potomac River shoreline. ^{[1] [2]} Fort Sumner was named for Major General Edwin Vose Sumner, who died in 1863 from fever he contracted while at his daughter's house.

The fort had a commanding view above the Potomac River and included 30 artillery pieces. In addition to the aforementioned components, the site was situated near Battery Bailey and Battery Benson, overlooking Little Falls Branch. ^[3]

Battery Bailey was named for Captain Guilford D. Bailey, killed in action at the Battle of Fair Oaks, and Battery Benson was named for Captain Henry Benson, mortally wounded in action at the second engagement at Malvern Hill. ^[4]

Remains

Fort Sumner was razed in 1953. ^[5] There are a few visible remains of Battery Bailey in Westmoreland Hills Park, which can be seen from the adjacent Capital Crescent Trail. ^[3] Part of the site was acquired by the Army Map Service (AMS) early in World War II and renamed Fort Sumner. The AMS was renamed US Army Topographic Command in 1968 and merged into the Defense Mapping Agency in 1972, at which time the site was renamed Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center. The Defense Mapping Agency and its successors, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, occupied the site until the early 2010s. In 2011 the site was redeveloped with new construction for the Intelligence Community Campus-Bethesda, which formally opened in 2015. ^[6]

The residential area that was built over Fort Sumner has a plaque about the fort at Sangamore Road and Westpath Way, and portions of it are named "Fort Sumner Hills" and "Sumner Village". ^[1]

Gallery

• 
  Pontoon bridge from Fort Sumner

See also

• Civil War Defenses of Washington

References

1. Cooling, III, Benjamin Franklin; Owen, II, Walton H. (2009). Mr. Lincoln's Forts: A Guide to the Civil War Defenses of Washington. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. pp. 144–149. ISBN   9780810863071.
2. Historical Marker Database (2007). "Fort Sumner." Accessed 2013-02-18.
3. Coalition for the Capital Crescent Trail, Bethesda, MD. "Points of Interest on the Trail" Archived 2013-03-19 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2013-02-18.
4. Townsend, E.D. (April 1, 1863). General Order No. 83. United States War Department.
5. Reinink, Amy (2012-11-02). "Fort Sumner is a Bethesda neighborhood full of traditions". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2013-04-12.
6. "Intelligence community unveils state-of-the-art campus". U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency. 2015-10-08. Archived from the original on 2019-10-16.