The politics of Nepal functions within the framework of a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and their cabinet, while legislative power is vested in the Parliament.
The Nepali Congress is a social democratic political party in Nepal and become the largest party in the country. The party has 870,106 members as of the party's 14th general convention in December 2021, making it the largest party by membership in Nepal. In June 2023, the party started online membership since the emergence of youth leaders in vital posts to attract youths to the party. The party is led by former prime minister, Sher Bahadur Deuba since the party's thirteenth general convention in 2016. The party won 89 seats in the 2022 general election and is currently the largest parliamentary group in the House of Representatives.
Pushpa Kamal Dahal, alias Prachanda, is a Nepalese politician, currently serving as the Leader of the Opposition, since July 2024. He has served as the Prime Minister of Nepal on three separate occasions, from 2008 to 2009 as the first prime minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, from 2016 to 2017, and again from 2022 to 2024.
The Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) (Nepali: नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी), romanized: nēpāl kamyuniṣṭ pārṭī (ēkīkṛt mārksavādī-lēninavādī); abbr. CPN (UML)) is a communist political party in Nepal. The party emerged as one of the major parties in Nepal after the end of the Panchayat era.
Sher Bahadur Deuba is a Nepali politician and former prime minister of Nepal. He has also been serving as the president of the Nepali Congress since 2016. Deuba has served five terms as prime minister and is the Member of Parliament for the parliamentary constituency of Dadeldhura 1.
The Rastriya Prajatantra Party is a constitutional monarchist and Hindu nationalist political party in Nepal.
Rastriya Janamorcha is a political party in Nepal. It was originally founded in 1995 as the legal front of Communist Party of Nepal (Masal). Former Deputy Prime Minister, Chitra Bahdur KC is the chairman of the party.
Ministry of Finance is the central authority of Government of Nepal charged with the responsibilities for maintaining both micro and macro economic stability in the country. The position of finance minister in Nepal is currently held by Barsaman Pun since 6 March 2024.
The Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation is a governmental body of Nepal that governs the development and implementation of energy including its conservation, regulation and utilization. It furthermore develops operates electricity projects including hydropower projects. Due to the importance of water resources in Nepal, the ministry focuses on the development and utilization of hydropower. In 2018, under the Second Oli cabinet, the portfolio of the ministry was enlarged and the portfolios of Water Resources and Irrigation was added to the then Ministry of Energy, while the Ministry of Irrigation was discontinued.
General elections were held in Nepal in two phases on 26 November and 7 December 2017 to elect the 275 members of the fifth House of Representatives, the lower house of the Federal Parliament of Nepal.
On 25 February 2014, following the 2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election, the Nepali Congress Party formed a government out of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly led by Sushil Koirala and backed by the Communist Party of Nepal. The cabinet consisted of 11 ministers from the Nepali Congress Party, 11 ministers from the Communist Party of Nepal, one minister of the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), two ministers of the Rastriya Prajatantra Party and five ministers from other parties.
On 12 October 2015, following the declaration of the Nepalese Constitution, and after Sushil Koirala stepped down as the Prime Minister of Nepal, Khadga Prasad Oli was elected as the new prime minister of Nepal. Oli's candidacy was supported by the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal, and several smaller parties represented in the Nepalese Parliament. After being sworn in, Khadga Prasad Oli formed a new government in a coalition with the parties that supported his election.
The Second Oli cabinet, also known as the Oli cabinet, 2018, was the Government of Nepal from 15 February 2018 to 13 July 2021. It initially formed as a majority coalition on 15 February 2018, after Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli was elected as the new Prime Minister of Nepal following the 2017 general election. Oli's candidacy was supported by the Communist Party of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal. He assumed his office with two ministers and the remaining ministers were added at later points. The CPN withdrew its support from the government in May 2021, reducing it to a minority, and after the dissolution of the House of Representatives, it turned into an interim government. The cabinet was replaced by the fifth Deuba cabinet, formed after the Supreme Court ordered the appointment of Nepali Congress president Sher Bahadur Deuba as prime minister under Article 76 (5) of the Constitution of Nepal.
Rastriya Prajantantra Party (Samyukta) (Nepali: राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी (संयुक्त)), literally the National Democratic Party (United) and abbreviated RPP (U), was a political party in Nepal. It was formed on 6 August 2017 by Pashupati Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana after splitting from the Rastriya Prajatantra Party as the Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Democratic). On 31 January 2019, it merged with the Unified Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Nationalist), another splinter group of the Rastriya Prajatantra Party, to form Samyukta.
The Minister of Finance(or simply, the FinanceMinister, is the head of the Ministry of Finance of the Government of Nepal. One of the senior-most officers in the Federal Cabinet, the finance minister is responsible for the fiscal policy of the government. A key duty of the Finance Minister is to present the annual federal budget in Parliament, detailing the government's plan for taxation and spending in the coming financial year. Through the Budget, the finance minister also outlines allocations to all the ministries and departments. The Minister is assisted by the Minister of State for Finance and the junior Deputy Minister of Finance.
The First Federal Parliament of Nepal, consisting of the House of Representatives and the National Assembly, was elected via the 2017 legislative, provincial and local elections.
General elections were held in Nepal on 20 November 2022 to elect the 275 members of the House of Representatives. There were two ballots in the election; one to elect 165 members from single-member constituencies via FPTP, and the other to elect the remaining 110 members from a single nation-wide constituency via party-list proportional representation.
The Fifth Deuba cabinet was the Government of Nepal from 13 July 2021 to 26 December 2022. It was formed after Sher Bahadur Deuba was appointed as the new prime minister of Nepal by president Bidya Devi Bhandari following an order from the Supreme Court, which declared the dissolution of the House of Representatives on the recommendation of former prime minister KP Sharma Oli to be unlawful. The fifth Deuba cabinet was replaced by the Dahal cabinet, 2022 on 26 December 2022, when Pushpa Kamal Dahal's CPN broke away from the electoral alliance with Nepali Congress and joined hands with other opposition parties to form a government in the aftermath of the 2022 general election.
At the end of 2020, a major split in the Nepal Communist Party (NCP) revived the Communist Party of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal.
