Ebilun was a Manchu noble and warrior of the Niohuru clan, most famous for being one of the Four Regents assisting the young Kangxi Emperor from 1661 to 1667, during the early Qing dynasty (1644–1912). A largely passive figure during the regency, Ebilun was disgraced following the ouster of the far more powerful regent Oboi and considered a political supporter of the latter. He was stripped of his positions by the emperor but later regained his noble rank. Many of his descendants became influential figures in the Qing imperial government.
Mingju, of the Manchu Nara clan, was an official of the Qing Dynasty during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor. He was thrown in prison for corruption.
Keying, also known by his romanized Mandarin Chinese name Qiying or Ch'i-ying (Wade–Giles) and his Manchu name Kiyeng, was a Manchu statesman during the Qing dynasty of China. An imperial clansman of the house of Aisin Gioro, he began his career in the Imperial Clan Court. He conducted several peace treaties with Western powers, beginning with the Treaty of Nanking, which ended the First Opium War with Britain in 1842. Keying was sent to negotiate again in 1858 to settle the Arrow War with Britain and France, but the settlement was repudiated by the Xianfeng Emperor and he was forced to commit suicide.
Heshen (Manchu: ᡥᡝᡧᡝᠨ, Möllendorff: Hešen; Chinese: 和珅; pinyin: Héshēn; Wade–Giles: Ho2-shen1; 1 July 1750 – 22 February 1799) of the Manchu Niohuru clan, was an official of the Qing dynasty favored by the Qianlong Emperor and called the most corrupt official in Chinese history. After the death of Qianlong, the Jiaqing Emperor confiscated Heshen's wealth and forced him to commit suicide. As an official, he acquired an estimated at 1.1 billion taels of silver, equal to roughly US$270 billion. Heshen is remembered as one of the richest men in history.
Empress Xiaogongren, of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner Uya clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the consort of Xuanye, the Kangxi Emperor and mother of Yinzhen, the Yongzheng Emperor. She was honoured as Empress Dowager Renshou during the reign of her son and posthumously honoured as empress, although she never held the rank of empress consort during her lifetime.
Agui was a Manchu noble general for the Qing dynasty. As the only son of Akdun, he was a scion of a noble family who led a number of important Manchu military operations, including several of the "Ten Great Campaigns".
Bao Chao (1828–1886) was an eminent Han Chinese official, military Captain General, of the late Qing Dynasty in China. He raised the Xiang Army to fight effectively against the Taiping Rebellion and restored the stability of Qing Dynasty along with other prominent figures, including Zuo Zongtang and Zeng Guofan, setting the scene for the era later to fight against known as the "Nien Rebellion". He was known for his military perception.
Sun Shiyi, courtesy name Zhizhi (智冶), pseudonym Bushan (補山), was an official of the Qing dynasty who served as the Viceroy of Liangguang and of Liangjiang during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor.
Jiang Shiquan was a Chinese poet of the Qing dynasty. He was active during the Qianlong and Jiaqing eras of the Qing dynasty, and was classed as one of the "Three Great Masters of the Qianlong Era" (乾隆三大家) along with Yuan Mei and Zhao Yi. Jiang stated that he learned from Li Shangyin when he was 15, turned to study Du Fu and Han Yu when he was 19, and studied Su Shi and Huang Tingjian at the age of 40, and abandoned the style of the ancient authors to write his own poets. He was against the restorative trend of the "Former and Latter Seven Masters" (前后七子), and disagreed with the poetry theories of Weng Fanggang and Shen Deqian. He claimed to absorb both the styles of Tang and Song. But his comprehension of "Xingling" (性灵) was different from that of Yuan Mei.
Geng Jingzhong was a powerful military commander of the early Qing dynasty. He inherited the title of "King/Prince of Jingnan" (靖南王) from his father Geng Jimao, who had inherited it from Jingzhong's grandfather Geng Zhongming.
Fuheng, courtesy name Chunhe (春和), was a Qing dynasty official from the Manchu Fuca clan and the Bordered Yellow Banner of the Eight Banners, and was a younger brother of the Empress Xiaoxianchun. He served as a senior minister at the court of his brother-in-law, the Qianlong Emperor from the 1750s to his death in 1770. He is best known for leading the Qing troops in the fourth and last invasion of Burma in the Sino-Burmese War (1765–1769).
Fuqing was a Manchu soldier who began his career in the Imperial Guard, and in 1744 was sent as amban to Tibet where he remained until the danger of a Tibetan-Dzungar alliance seemed over. The last king of Tibet would not submit to the tutelage of the Qing dynasty, and having poisoned his elder brother, proceeded to prepare for revolt. Fuqing returned with all speed and slew the king in the Chinese Residency, whither he had lured him. This resulted in the Lhasa riot of 1750, in which Fuqing and his staff perished. The Kashag government system of four Kalön under the Dalai and Panchen Lamas was then established. The amban's guard was raised to 1500 men, and all intercourse with Tibet and Dzungaria was forbidden. The Qianlong Emperor published a special decree defending the treachery of Fuqing, and ennobled his heir as Viscount. He was canonised and included in the Temple of Worthies.
Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644–1912) (ECCP) is a biographical dictionary published in 1943 by the United States Government Printing Office, edited by Arthur W. Hummel, Sr., then head of the Orientalia Division of the Library of Congress. Hummel's chief collaborators were Dr. Tu Lien-che (杜聯喆) and Dr. Fang Chao-ying (房兆楹), Chinese scholars who were married to each other. The work was republished in 2018 by Berkshire under the name Eminent Chinese of the Qing Period: 1644-1911/2.
Geng Jimao or Keng Chi-mao was a Chinese prince and military leader. He inherited the title of "Jingnan Prince", meaning "Prince who pacifies the South", from his father Geng Zhongming, along with his lands. He then passed it on to his son Geng Jingzhong.
Yengišan was a Manchu official of the Qing dynasty, who was part of the Bordered Yellow Banner. He served various official positions during the Qing dynasty. His father is Yentai.
Li Yongfang was a Chinese general of the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty known for defecting to the Qing dynasty, due to the Ming dynasty losing the city of Fushun in Liaoning to the Qing. Li Yongfang along with many other Han Chinese defected to the Qing as the old Ming system was declining and corrupt, and the Qing provided an opportunity for the Han Chinese to continue their culture. One of Li Yongfang's descendants Li Shiyao was sentenced to death by the Qianlong emperor but was spared his life when he helped suppress the Lin Shuangwen rebellion in Taiwan.
Events from the year 1686 in China.
Tong Guogang was a Qing dynasty official. He was a maternal uncle of Kangxi Emperor.
Marsai, born in Magiya clan, was a Qing dynasty official from the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner.
Necin, born in Niohuru clan, was a Qing dynasty official from the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner.
