The Kangxi Emperor,also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing,personal name Xuanye,was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty,and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper,reigning from 1661 to 1722.
The Jiaqing Emperor,also known by his temple name Emperor Renzong of Qing,personal name Yongyan,was the sixth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty,and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over China proper,from 1796 to 1820. He was the 15th son of the Qianlong Emperor. During his reign,he prosecuted Heshen,the corrupt Manchu favorite of his father,and attempted to restore order within the Qing Empire while curbing the smuggling of opium into China.
The Qianlong Emperor,also known by his temple name Emperor Gaozong of Qing,personal name Hongli,was the fifth emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. The fourth son of the Yongzheng Emperor,he reigned officially from 11 October 1735 to 8 February 1796. In 1796,he abdicated in favour of his son,the Jiaqing Emperor,out of filial piety towards his grandfather,the Kangxi Emperor,who ruled for 61 years,so that he would not officially usurp him as the longest-reigning emperor. Despite his retirement,however,the Qianlong Emperor retained ultimate power as the Emperor Emeritus until his death in 1799,making him one of the longest-reigning monarchs in history as well as one of the longest-lived,dying at age eighty-seven. During his lifetime,he was given the deified title "Emperor Manjushri" by the Qing's Tibetan subjects.
The Fragrant Concubine is a figure in Chinese legend who was taken as a consort by the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty in the 18th century. Although the stories about her are believed to be mythical,they may have been based on an actual concubine from western China who entered the imperial harem in 1760 and received the title "Imperial Consort Rong". Qing Dynasty and Uyghur tellings of the legend of the Fragrant Concubine diverge greatly and her experience represents a powerful symbol for both cultures. The story became very popular during the early 20th century and has since been adapted into several plays,films and books.
Sword Stained with Royal Blood is a wuxia novel by Jin Yong. It was first serialised in the Hong Kong newspaper Hong Kong Commercial Daily between 1 January 1956 and 31 December 1956. Since its first publication,the novel has undergone two revisions,with the latest edition being the third. Some characters from the novel play minor roles or are simply mentioned by name in The Deer and the Cauldron,another of Jin Yong's novels.
The Young Flying Fox is a wuxia novel by Jin Yong. The novel was first serialised in Hong Kong in 1960 in the magazine Wuxia and History (武俠與歷史). The novel is a prequel to Fox Volant of the Snowy Mountain and was written a year after its literary predecessor.
The Emperor and His Brother is a 1981 Hong Kong wuxia film based on Louis Cha's novel The Book and the Sword. Produced by the Shaw Brothers Studio,the film was directed by Chor Yuen and starred Ti Lung,Jason Pai and Lo Lieh in the leading roles.
Seven Swordsmen is a 2006 Chinese television series directed by Clarence Fok and produced by Tsui Hark. The series is loosely adapted from Liang Yusheng's wuxia novels Qijian Xia Tianshan and Saiwai Qixia Zhuan. It is also the television series counterpart to the 2005 film Seven Swords,which was also directed and produced by Tsui Hark. This series was originally planned to be the first season of a longer television series but the project seems to have been abandoned.
The Book and the Sword is a 2008 Chinese television series adapted from Louis Cha's novel of the same title. The series was first broadcast on CETV-3 in China in 2009. It starred Qiao Zhenyu,Adam Cheng,Niki Chow,and Liu Dekai.
Saiwai Qixia Zhuan is a wuxia novel by Liang Yusheng first published as a serial between 18 August 1956 and 23 February 1957 in the Hong Kong newspaper Chou Mo Pao (周末報). Considered the second part of the Tianshan series of novels by Liang Yusheng,it serves as a sequel to the first part,Baifa MonüZhuan,and is closely related to the third part,Qijian Xia Tianshan.
Book and Sword,Gratitude and Revenge is a television series adapted from Louis Cha's novel The Book and the Sword. The series was first broadcast on CTV in Taiwan in 2002.
The Book and the Sword is a Chinese television series adapted from Louis Cha's novel of the same title. The series was first broadcast on CCTV in China in 1994.
The Book and the Sword is a Taiwanese television series adapted from Louis Cha's novel of the same title. The series was first broadcast on CTS in Taiwan in 1992.
Book and Sword Chronicles is a Taiwanese television series adapted from Louis Cha's novel The Book and the Sword. It was first broadcast on TTV in Taiwan in 1984.
Princess Fragrance,released as Gebi Enchou Lu (戈壁恩仇录) in mainland China,is a 1987 Hong Kong film based on Louis Cha's novel The Book and the Sword. The film is a sequel to The Romance of Book and Sword,released earlier in the same month and also directed by Ann Hui.
The Romance of Book and Sword is a 1987 Hong Kong film by Ann Hui,based on Louis Cha's novel The Book and the Sword. The film was followed by Princess Fragrance,released later in the same month and also directed by Ann Hui. The films are among the earliest Hong Kong films to be completely shot in mainland China with a full mainland Chinese cast.
The Dzungar genocide was the mass extermination of the Mongol Dzungar people by the Qing dynasty. The Qianlong Emperor ordered the genocide after the rebellion in 1755 by Dzungar leader Amursana against Qing rule,after the dynasty first conquered the Dzungar Khanate with Amursana's support. The genocide was perpetrated by Manchu generals of the Qing army,supported by Turkic oasis dwellers who rebelled against Dzungar rule.
Anti-Mongolianism,also called the Anti-Mongolian sentiment has been prevalent throughout history,often perceiving the Mongols to be barbaric and uncivilized people with a lack of intelligence or civilized culture.
