Fulham Palace

Last updated

Fulham Palace
Fulham Palace.jpg
The Tudor courtyard at Fulham Palace
Hammersmith and Fulham London UK location map.svg
Red pog.svg
General information
TypeBishop's palace
Architectural style Tudor, Gothic, Georgian
Location Fulham
Town or city London, SW6
CountryEngland
Coordinates 51°28′14″N0°12′58″W / 51.470556°N 0.216111°W / 51.470556; -0.216111
Current tenantsFulham Palace Trust
Owner Church of England
Technical details
Structural systemBrick, stone, wattle and daub, timber
Website
fulhampalace.org
Listed Building – Grade I
Designated7 May 1954
Amended 11 November 1988
Reference no.1286903 [1]
Designated1 October 1987
Reference no.1000133 [2]
Official nameFulham Palace moated site
DesignatedLegacy
Reference no.1001964
Fulham Palace in 1902 Fulham Palace - Project Gutenberg etext 20310.jpg
Fulham Palace in 1902

Fulham Palace lies on the north bank of the River Thames in Fulham, London, previously in the former English county of Middlesex. It is the site of the Manor of Fulham dating back to Saxon times and in the continuous possession of the bishops of London since the 8th century as lords of the manor until the 20th century. The much reduced estate comprises a Grade I listed complex with medieval origins and was formerly the principal residence of the Bishop of London from the 11th century until 1973. [3] Though still owned by the Church of England, the palace, managed by the Fulham Palace Trust (registered charity 1140088), houses a number of restored historic rooms and a museum documenting its long history. The property abuts Bishops Park, once part of the estate, and contains a large botanic garden. The palace garden is ranked Grade II* on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. [4]

Contents

The palace is open daily and is free to visit. [5] According to figures released by the Fulham Palace Trust, over 390,000 people visited Fulham Palace in 2015/2016. [6]

History

Prehistoric (6000 BC–AD 43)

Evidence of prehistoric activity dating from the late Mesolithic and early Neolithic age was uncovered by various archaeological investigations undertaken since the early 1970s, depicting the use of struck flint. The site appears to have been an isolated eyot within the braided river channel of the River Thames. Later prehistoric activity dating to the Bronze Age, was revealed in the form of a possible barrow, whilst there is limited evidence for a late Iron Age occupation. [7]

Roman period (AD 43–AD 410)

After a period of abandonment, the site was reoccupied during the late Roman period. Much of the material retrieved is domestic in origin and appears to suggest a small agricultural community was established on the banks of the Thames. It may have taken the form of a villa on this site or approximate to the neighbouring All Saints Church. [7]

Saxon period (AD 410–1066)

There is little evidence of Saxon activity on the Fulham Palace site, although some sherds of early Saxon pottery have been recovered. The Manor of Fulham was acquired by Bishop Waldhere from Bishop Tyrhtel in AD 704. It stretched from modern-day Chiswick in the west to Chelsea on the east; and from Harlesden in the northwest and Kensal Green in the northeast. [7]

Medieval period (1066–1485)

The earliest evidence of Medieval life at Fulham Palace was a hearth that dates to around 1080, probably belonging to the Saxo-Norman Manor. The first historical reference to a Bishop of London residing at Fulham Palace arose when Bishop Robert de Sigello was held captive at Fulham Palace during The Anarchy. The Medieval Palace was established around what is now the palace's eastern courtyard. The first reference to the palace's chapel at this time was from 1231. [8] Plans drawn up by Stiff Leadbetter prior to the redevelopment of the site in the late 18th century locate the chapel and its associated buildings beneath much of the 18th-century structure that still stands today. Although various fragments of stonework associated with the chapel have been uncovered, its form remains elusive, only one Parliamentary Survey, undertaken by William Dickes during the Civil War in 1647, described it. [9]

At some point between 1439 and 1440, Henry VI and his entourage visited. Following his departure, it would take four days for the rooms and halls to be cleaned. [10] Shortly after, a shingle board was taken from the Fulham Church to cover and repair the palace hall roof, and palings (fence posts) were mended between the 'house husbandry (farming area), great garden, and vyne garden.' A new bucket was also purchased for the well at the cost of 6d. The well is understood to have been built in 1426. Further buildings alluded to include a larder, a hayloft, and a stable. [10]

Tudor period (1485–1603)

Fulham Palace, Georgian wing Fulham Palace, London SW6 17.jpg
Fulham Palace, Georgian wing

Substantial alterations were made to the palace during the late 15th century, a period that witnessed the construction of the current great hall and the Tudor Courtyard, which still stands today. It is assumed that the development would have been undertaken by Bishop Thomas Kempe c. 1480 [11] and possibly continued by Bishop Richard FitzJames (1506-1522), principally because FitzJames' coat of arms appears on the south side of the Tudor court buildings. In addition, analysis of the timbers within the great hall roof suggests that the oak used was felled in the spring of 1493, whilst the gate to the Tudor arched entrance contains timber felled in the spring of 1495. [12] A two-year time frame for such a considerable building project certainly seems appropriate (at least in terms of partial construction). If the timber dates are accurate, then the court and hall were both built by Bishop Richard Hill. The Bishop would not have much time to enjoy his new residence, though, as he died in 1496.

Myriad architectural styles over time

Part of current structure, built by Bishop Richard FitzJames, dates from the reign of Henry VII (1485–1509). [13] The buildings underwent numerous modifications and alterations: the west courtyard is from the Tudor Period; the east courtyard is Georgian, the Great Hall is late-medieval; the eastern end of the building was renovated in Gothic style in the late 18th century; the east courtyard was classicised in the early 19th century, and the 'Tait chapel' was constructed in 1867 in Gothic Revival style. [14]

World War I

In 1918, part of the grounds of the palace was converted into allotments, for growing food to help the war effort. The palace itself formed part of Fulham military hospital. [15] After the war, the church found it increasingly difficult to maintain such a large, expensive building. The bishop of London at the time, Arthur Winnington-Ingram, offered to give up the palace and live in two rooms as he had while the palace was being used "for the purpose of the National Mission" (the war effort). [16] However, the bishop was unwilling to let the palace pass into secular hands. [16]

World War II

Parts of the palace were damaged by bombing, and after the war, the church found it increasingly difficult to maintain this large, expensive historic building. In 1954, the Church Commissioners' architect described the palace as "badly planned and inconvenient". [17] After many years of indecision the church authorities vacated the palace in 1973.

Fulham Palace today

View of Fulham Palace Fulham Palace, from north-west.jpg
View of Fulham Palace

After the bishops of London left the Palace in 1973, in 1975, the property was leased for 100 years by Hammersmith Council for the purpose of opening a museum and art gallery. After this, the palace and gardens suffered a period of neglect. In 1990, a trust was established to oversee the property in collaboration with the council. [14]

The grounds of the palace originally covered more than 30 acres (12 ha), though today only 13 acres (5.3 ha) remain. Although the Palace has its own chapel, the garden adjoins the churchyard of the neighbouring parish church, All Saints Church, Fulham, where several former bishops are buried. The allotments planted during the war still survive; many are still in use, allowing local people to grow their own vegetables, fruit and flowers. [18]

Some of the ancient trees in and around Fulham Palace remain to this day, and visitors can still see the knot garden and wisteria which survive in the palace's walled gardens. A large holm oak (Quercus ilex) is believed to be 500 years old and has been designated as one of the Great Trees of London. [19]

Restoration of the palace and grounds

Glasshouses Fulham Palace 01.JPG
Glasshouses

The Fulham Palace Restoration Project began in the 2000s and was carried out in three phases. The first phase, completed in 2006, restored the east wing of the palace and part of the west wing including the Tudor courtyard at the cost of £4 million. [14] The second phase focused on the walled garden, the outbuildings, and the moat, and was completed in 2011, costing £7 million. [20] The third phase was completed in 2019 and includes a new museum as well as significant restoration work to the brickwork in the Tudor courtyard and the Tudor great hall. [21] [22] Funding for all three phases came from the National Lottery Heritage Fund and Fulham Palace Trust. [20] [23]

Fulham Palace is a Grade I-listed building standing within a scheduled ancient monument. A number of structures on the property are Grade II-listed buildings including the chapel, moat bridge and attached piers, stables, walls of the walled garden, vinery, and bothies. [14]

The palace moat

Gatehouses and reinstated moat, Fulham Palace Gatehouses and reinstated moat, Fulham Palace - geograph.org.uk - 3313415.jpg
Gatehouses and reinstated moat, Fulham Palace

The palace's moat, which is a scheduled monument, [24] was nearly 1.4 km (0.87 mi) in length. It was the largest domestic moated site in medieval England, but its origin is unknown. [25] The first known reference to the moat was in a 1392 document that refers to magna fossa ('great ditch'), but it is thought to be much older. [26] Its distance from the palace suggests that it might have had a function other than defence. An alternative idea is that it was built by the Danes as a safeguard against flooding by the Thames. [27]

The moat was filled in with debris in the 1920s, at the request of the bishop of the time, Arthur Winnington-Ingram. Despite this, the entire moat still exists, underground, as an unbroken circuit. [25] In 2010, an excavation of the moat began as part of a £8 million renovation of the palace and adjoining Bishops Park. [26]

The palace garden

Map by John Rocque published in 1746 Fulham 1746.png
Map by John Rocque published in 1746
Walled garden Fulham Palace 02.JPG
Walled garden

The garden at Fulham Palace has been one of the most important botanical gardens since the 16th century and is the second oldest in London. Bishop Edmund Grindal (c. 1519 – 1583) built a Tudor walled garden and a series of parterre gardens. He is credited with the introduction of the tamarisk tree to England and grew grapes that were sent to Elizabeth I. [28]

In the early part of the 17th century, the gardens at Fulham Palace appear to have suffered from some unsympathetic attention. The antiquary John Aubrey records among his memoranda, "the Bishop of London did cutte-down a noble Clowd of trees at Fulham", occasioning the sharp remark from Sir Francis Bacon, a dedicated gardener, "that he was a good Expounder of dark places." [29] This changed with Bishop Henry Compton (1675–1713) who introduced many new plant species to England in the gardens at Fulham Palace, including the American magnolia, M. virginiana , Liriodendron , Liquidambar and the first American azalea grown in England, Rhododendron viscosum. [30] In his heated "stoves" he grew the first coffee tree in England. The red horse chestnut, a hybrid of Aesculus hippocastanum and the American Aesculus pavia , was still noted in Fulham Palace gardens as late as 1751. His gardener was George London

Fulham Palace ancient Oak Fulham Palace Oak (1).jpg
Fulham Palace ancient Oak

By 1681, the gardens at Fulham Palace were already remarkable, as John Evelyn noted when he visited them. [31] Bishop Compton's gardener in the early years was George London, who started a famous nursery at Brompton the year of Evelyn's visit. By 1686, William Penn's gardener was hoping to exchange the exotic flora of Pennsylvania for seedlings and slips of trees and shrubs and seeds from Fulham Palace gardens. [31] Compton's staunch defense of his former pupils, the Princesses Mary and Anne, led to his appointment as Deputy Superintendent of the Royal Gardens to William III and Mary II, and as Commissioner for Trade and Plantations. In the colonies, Compton had a botanical correspondent in John Banister, who was sent first to the West Indies and then to Virginia, and who, before his untimely death, sent Bishop Compton drawings, seeds, and herbarium specimens from which the Bishop's close friend John Ray compiled the first published account of North American flora, in his Historia Plantarum (1688). [32]

The Tait chapel

Wall painting in the Tait chapel Fulham Palace, The Tait Chapel North wall painting.jpg
Wall painting in the Tait chapel

The Tait chapel at Fulham Palace, the fourth on the site, was designed by William Butterfield for Bishop Archibald Campbell Tait in 1866–7. It is dedicated to the Blessed Trinity and it cost £1869. Damaged by a bomb in World War II, the chapel was reorganised in the 1950s for Bishop William Wand. The Salviati mosaic reredos was moved to the west end. [33] The east window, destroyed in the war, was replaced by a new window by Ninian Comper in 1956. It shows "The Risen Saviour" with the message "Feed my sheep"; Bishops Mandell Creighton and Wand stand on either side. The top window commemorates Wand's son who died in a mountaineering accident in 1934. The west window by Clayton and Bell survived. Butterfield's patterned brickwork was painted over by Brian Thomas and students from Byam Shaw School of Art in 1953. The north wall painting shows: "The Fall" with Adam; the nativity is below; Atonement with the crucifixion, and the Last Supper with the gift of the Holy Spirit. The south wall: St Peter and a vision of unclean beasts, the stoning of St Stephen, the risen Christ with two hands of God the Father, Conversion of St Paul.

Gothic Lodge Fulham Palace 10.JPG
Gothic Lodge
Looking out from Tudor courtyard Fulham Palace, London 07.JPG
Looking out from Tudor courtyard

In 1992, the Museum of Fulham Palace was set up in Bishop William Howley's Dining Room and Bishop Porteus's Library (named after Bishop Beilby Porteus, 1731–1809), in the early 19th century part of the palace. It contained some of the paintings that once hung in the building, stained glass, carved fragments of masonry and a bishop's cope, as well as displays describing the palace's history. [34]

The lost manuscript of William Bradford's Of Plymouth Plantation (1620–47), an important founding document of the United States, was discovered in the library in 1855, and first published the next year. No one knows how it made its way there from America, but in 1897, it was given to Thomas F. Bayard, U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom, and repatriated to New England. [35]

The palace's art collection includes a number of notable portraits: two 1798 works by Benjamin West, St Margaret of Scotland and Thomas a Becket; an oil on canvas of Field Marshal George Wade by Adriaen van Diest; an oil on canvas of Beilby Porteus by John Hoppner; and a Reginald Henry Lewis oil on canvas of William Wand. [36]

Visitor access

The house and garden are open daily with free admission. The museum and historic rooms are open from 10.30 - 17.00 (10.30 - 16.00 in the winter). The restored walled garden is open daily from 10.15 - 16.15 (10.15 - 15.45 in the winter). The botanic garden is open daily from dawn to dusk. The café is in what was once Bishop Howley's dining room, and now serves lunches and light refreshments.

The palace can be accessed from Bishops Park and from Bishops Avenue, a turning off the southern end of Fulham Palace Road, an extension of Fulham High Street and its junctions with the Fulham Road and the King's Road, close to the northern end of Putney Bridge, lying adjacent to All Saints Church, Fulham. Bus routes serving the area include:: 14, 22, 220, 414, 430 and 74. The nearest Underground station is Putney Bridge.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tower of London</span> Castle in central London, England

The Tower of London, officially His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London, England. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, which is separated from the eastern edge of the square mile of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded toward the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078 and was initially a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by the new Norman ruling class. The castle was also used as a prison from 1100 until 1952, although that was not its primary purpose. A grand palace early in its history, it served as a royal residence. As a whole, the Tower is a complex of several buildings set within two concentric rings of defensive walls and a moat. There were several phases of expansion, mainly under kings Richard I, Henry III, and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. The general layout established by the late 13th century remains despite later activity on the site.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hampton Court Palace</span> Historic royal palace in Greater London

Hampton Court Palace is a Grade I listed royal palace in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, 12 miles southwest and upstream of central London on the River Thames. Opened to the public, the palace is managed by Historic Royal Palaces, a charity set up to preserve several unoccupied royal properties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cheam</span> London suburb

Cheam is a suburb of London, England, 10.9 miles (17.5 km) southwest of Charing Cross. It is divided into North Cheam, Cheam Village and South Cheam. Cheam Village contains the listed buildings Lumley Chapel and the 16th-century Whitehall. It is adjacent to two large parks, Nonsuch Park and Cheam Park. Nonsuch Park contains the listed Nonsuch Mansion. Parts of Cheam Park and Cheam Village are in a conservation area. Cheam is bordered by Worcester Park to the northwest, Morden to the northeast, Sutton to the east, Epsom, Ewell and Stoneleigh to the west and Banstead and Belmont to the south.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fulham</span> Area of west London, England

Fulham is an area of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham in West London, England, 3.6 miles (5.8 km) southwest of Charing Cross. It lies in a loop on the north bank of the River Thames, bordering Hammersmith, Kensington and Chelsea, with which it shares the area known as West Brompton. Over the Thames Fulham faces Wandsworth, Putney, the London Wetland Centre in Barnes in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lambeth Palace</span> Archbishop of Canterburys London residence

Lambeth Palace is the official London residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury. It is situated in north Lambeth, London, on the south bank of the River Thames, 400 yards south-east of the Palace of Westminster, which houses Parliament, on the opposite bank.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eltham Palace</span> Large house in Eltham, Southeast London, England, within the Royal Borough of Greenwich.

Eltham Palace is a large house at Eltham in southeast London, England, within the Royal Borough of Greenwich. The house consists of the medieval great hall of a former royal residence, to which an Art Deco extension was added in the 1930s. The hammerbeam roof of the great hall is the third-largest of its type in England, and the Art Deco interior of the house has been described as a "masterpiece of modern design". The house is owned by the Crown Estate and managed by English Heritage, which took over responsibility for the great hall in 1984 and the rest of the site in 1995.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Compton Wynyates</span> Country house

Compton Wynyates is a Tudor country house in Warwickshire, England, a Grade I listed building. The Tudor period house is constructed of red brick and built around a central courtyard. It is castellated and turreted in parts. Following action in the Civil War, half-timbered gables were added to replace damaged parts of the building.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Auckland Castle</span> Historic site in Bishop Auckland, County Durham

Auckland Castle, also known as Auckland Palace, is a former bishop's palace located in the town of Bishop Auckland in County Durham, England. The castle was a residence of the bishops of Durham from approximately 1183 and was their primary residence between 1832 and 2012, when the castle and its contents were sold to the Auckland Castle Trust. It is now a tourist attraction, but still houses the bishop's offices.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tudor architecture</span> Architectural style

The Tudor architectural style is the final development of medieval architecture in England and Wales, during the Tudor period (1485–1603) and even beyond, and also the tentative introduction of Renaissance architecture to Britain. It followed the Late Gothic Perpendicular style and, gradually, it evolved into an aesthetic more consistent with trends already in motion on the continent, evidenced by other nations already having the Northern Renaissance underway Italy, and especially France already well into its revolution in art, architecture, and thought. A subtype of Tudor architecture is Elizabethan architecture, from about 1560 to 1600, which has continuity with the subsequent Jacobean architecture in the early Stuart period.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oxburgh Hall</span> Moated country house in Oxborough, England

Oxburgh Hall is a moated country house in Oxborough, Norfolk, England. The hall was built for Sir Edmund Bedingfeld who obtained a licence to crenellate in 1482. The Bedingfelds gained the manor of Oxborough through marriage in the early 15th century, and the family has lived at the hall since its construction, although ownership passed to the National Trust in 1952. The house underwent extensive refurbishment in the mid 19th century under John Chessell Buckler and Augustus Pugin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bickleigh Castle</span> Manor house in Devon, England

Bickleigh Castle is a fortified manor house that stands on the banks of the River Exe at Bickleigh in Devon, England. Once considerably larger, Bickleigh now comprises a group of buildings from various periods which together formed a water castle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Broughton Castle</span> Medieval manor house in Oxfordshire, England

Broughton Castle is a medieval fortified manor house in the village of Broughton, which is about two miles southwest of Banbury in Oxfordshire, England, on the B4035 road.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Old Woking</span> Ward in England

Old Woking is a ward and the original settlement of the town and borough of Woking, Surrey, about 1.3 miles (2.1 km) southeast of the modern town centre. It is bounded by the Hoe Stream to the north and the River Wey to the south and between Kingfield to the west and farmland to the east. The village has no dual carriageways or motorways, its main road is the A247, which connects Woking with Clandon Park and provides access to the A3. The village contains parts of Woking's two largest parks and two converted paper mills. The expanded village largely consists of semi-detached houses with gardens and covers an area of 224 hectares

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Buckden Towers</span> Former bishops palace in Cambridgeshire

Buckden Towers, formerly known as Buckden Palace, is a medieval fortified house and bishop's palace in Buckden, Cambridgeshire, England. It is now a conference and retreat centre operated by the Claretian missionaries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">All Saints Church, Fulham</span> Church in England

All Saints' Church is the ancient parish church of Fulham, in the County of Middlesex, pre-dating the Reformation. The parish was founded in the precinct of Fulham Manor, currently adjacent to it, which was in the possession of the Bishops of London, since the 8th century. Hence it began as the parish church of the bishops of London and several of them are buried there. It is now an Anglican church in Fulham, London, sited close to the River Thames, beside the northern approach to Putney Bridge. The church tower and interior nave and chancel are Grade II* listed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bishop's Palace, Wells</span> Historic house museum in UK

The Bishop's Palace is the residence of the bishop of Bath and Wells in Wells, Somerset, England. The palace is adjacent to Wells Cathedral and has been the residence of the bishops since the early thirteenth century. It has been designated a grade I listed building.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pillaton Hall</span>

Pillaton Hall was an historic house located in Pillaton, Staffordshire, near Penkridge, England. For more than two centuries it was the seat of the Littleton family, a family of local landowners and politicians. The 15th century gatehouse is the main surviving structure of medieval Pillaton Hall. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and a Grade II* listed building. Attached to the Gatehouse to the east is the chapel formerly dedicated to Saint Modwen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mathern Palace</span> Historic site in Monmouthshire, Wales

Mathern Palace is a Grade I listed building in the village of Mathern, Monmouthshire, Wales, located some 3 miles (4.8 km) south-west of Chepstow close to the Severn Estuary. Between about 1408 and 1705 it was the main residence of the Bishops of Llandaff. After falling into ruin, it was restored and its gardens laid out between 1894 and 1899 by the architectural writer Henry Avray Tipping. The garden surrounding the palace is listed on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Palace, Chichester</span>

The Palace, Chichester is the episcopal palace of the Church of England’s Diocese of Chichester, located in Chichester itself, at the west end of the Cathedral close, known as Canon Lane. It is both a residency and offices.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seely & Paget</span>

Seely & Paget was the architectural partnership of John Seely, 2nd Baron Mottistone (1899–1963) and Paul Edward Paget (1901–1985).

References

  1. ↑ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1286903)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  2. ↑ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1000133)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  3. ↑ Humphreys, Rob; Bamber, Judith (2003). London . Rough Guides. pp.  322–. ISBN   978-1-84353-093-0.
  4. ↑ Historic England, "Fulham Palace (1000133)", National Heritage List for England , retrieved 2 January 2017
  5. ↑ "Opening times". Fulham Palace. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  6. ↑ "Fulham Palace Trust Annual Report 2017/2018" (PDF). Fulham Palace. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  7. 1 2 3 "Timeline". Fulham Palace. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  8. ↑ "Account of the Executors of Richard Bishop of London 1303, and of the Executors of Thomas Bishop of Exeter 1310 - 1874 85877648". Archived from the original on 8 August 2019.
  9. ↑ "Tan lines on the terrace". Fulham Palace. 28 June 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  10. 1 2 Rait, Robert S. (1910). English episcopal palaces (province of Canterbury) /. New York. hdl:2027/wu.89057251977.
  11. ↑ Thurley, Simon (1988). Fulham Palace Management Plan: History. London: Independent. p. 16.
  12. ↑ Bridge, Martin; Miles, Daniel (2004). Tree-Ring Analysis of Timbers from the Hall Roof, West Gateway, and Gates at Fulham Palace, London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. London: English Heritage. p. 18.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ↑ "Bishop of London finds $50,000 a year not enough". The Washington Post. 15 June 1919. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
  14. 1 2 3 4 "Fulham Palace: Restoration Phase 1". www.architecture.com. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  15. ↑ Kate Clements (24 October 2014). "Find out what happened to Fulham Palace during the Great War in a new exhibition". 1914.org. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  16. 1 2 "Dr. Ingram's offer to give up Fulham Palace". The Times. London, England. 22 November 1916. p. 5. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
  17. ↑ Chandler, Andrew, p.140, The Church of England in the Twentieth Century: the Church Commissioners Retrieved January 2012
  18. ↑ "HOME". FULHAM PALACE MEADOWS ALLOTMENT ASSOCIATION. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
  19. ↑ "BBC - The great trees of London". news.bbc.co.uk. 23 September 2009. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
  20. 1 2 "Funding - Fulham Palace". Fulham Palace. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
  21. ↑ "Fulham Palace reopening announced". fulhampalace.org. March 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  22. ↑ "Fulham Palace plans overhaul with £1.8m lottery boost". LBHF. 22 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
  23. ↑ "HLF Round 2 Success! - Fulham Palace". Fulham Palace. 15 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
  24. ↑ Historic England. "Fulham Palace moated site (Grade Scheduled monument) (1001964)". National Heritage List for England .
  25. 1 2 Phil Emery (2011). "Fulham Palace moat revealed" (PDF). Archaeologydataservice.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  26. 1 2 "Fulham Palace's medieval moat excavated - BBC News". BBC. 27 February 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  27. ↑ "Fulham Palace moat: proposal to fill it in". The Times, London. 10 September 1920. p. 13. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
  28. ↑ "Country Life visits Fulham Palace". Country Life. 12 September 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  29. ↑ Dick, 1949, p. 11
  30. ↑ Hortus Kewensis credits Bishop Compton with some forty introductions, two-thirds of them hardy trees and shrubs (Alice M. Coats, "The Hon. and Rev. Henry Compton, Lord Bishop of London" Garden History4.3 (Autumn, 1976:14–20) p. 18)
  31. 1 2 Coats, 1976, p. 14
  32. ↑ Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution Showing the Operations, Expenditures, and Condition of the Institution for the Year Ending June 30, 1897. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1901. p. 385.
  33. ↑ "Tait Chapel, Fulham Palace". The Salviati Architectural Mosaic Database. 10 June 2013.
  34. ↑ "The Museum - Fulham Palace". Fulham Palace. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  35. ↑ "The records Bayard got for us, p. 13". New York Times. 3 April 1897. Retrieved 22 December 2016– via Newspapers.com. "The records Bayard got for us, p. 14". New York Times. 3 April 1897. Retrieved 22 December 2016– via Newspapers.com.
  36. ↑ coordinator; photographers, Rosie MacArthur; Johnson, Andy; Piperger, Justin (2013). Oil paintings in public ownership in London, West. London: Public Catalogue Foundation. pp. 87–91. ISBN   978-1-909475-15-1.

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.