The Unionidae are a family of freshwater mussels, the largest in the order Unionida, the bivalve molluscs sometimes known as river mussels, or simply as unionids.
Unionida is a monophyletic order of freshwater mussels, aquatic bivalve molluscs. The order includes most of the larger freshwater mussels, including the freshwater pearl mussels. The most common families are the Unionidae and the Margaritiferidae. All have in common a larval stage that is temporarily parasitic on fish, nacreous shells, high in organic matter, that may crack upon drying out, and siphons too short to permit the animal to live deeply buried in sediment.
Epioblasma arcaeformis, the sugarspoon or arc-form pearly mussel, was a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. No live individuals have been observed since the early 20th century. The IUCN declared the arc-form pearly mussel to be extinct, publishing its new status on the 2000 Red List following an assessment in the same year.
Fusconaia is a genus of freshwater mussels, aquatic bivalve mollusks in the family Unionidae. They are native to North America.
Fusconaia cuneolus, the fine-rayed pigtoe pearly mussel or fine-rayed pigtoe, is a species of bivalve in the family Unionidae. It is native to Tennessee, Alabama, and Virginia in the United States, in each of which its population has declined severely. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
Fusconaia subrotunda, the longsolid, long solid mussel or long solid naiad, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae.
Lampsilis rafinesqueana, the Neosho mucket or Neosho pearly mussel, is a species of North American freshwater mussel endemic to Arkansas, Oklahoma, Illinois, Missouri and Kansas.
The round ebonyshell is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk.
Popenaias popeii, common name the Texas hornshell, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.
Rotundaria couchiana, the Rio Grande monkeyface, is a species of freshwater mussel. It is native to Chihuahua, Mexico and New Mexico and Texas in the United States.
The winged mapleleaf, also known as false mapleleaf, or hickory nut shell, and with the scientific name Quadrula fragosa, is a species of freshwater mussel. It is an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. It is endemic to the United States.
Theliderma intermedia, the Cumberland monkeyface pearly mussel or Cumberland monkeyface, is a species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This aquatic bivalve mollusk is native to Tennessee and Virginia in the United States. Historically widespread in the upper Tennessee River system, it populations have been reduced by habitat destruction and pollution. It now only occurs in two tributaries: the Duck and Powell Rivers. It is a federally listed endangered species.
Quadrula quadrula, the mapleleaf, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.
Freshwater bivalves are molluscs of the order Bivalvia that inhabit freshwater ecosystems. They are one of the two main groups of freshwater molluscs, along with freshwater snails.
The southern mapleleaf is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.
The rabbitsfoot is a species of freshwater mussel. It is an aquatic bivalve mollusk, in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.
Fusconaia flava, the Wabash pigtoe, is a freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae. This species occurs in southern Manitoba and Ontario, Canada as well as in the eastern and midwestern United States from North Dakota to New York, south to Mississippi and Texas.
The sculptured pigtoe is a species of freshwater mussel native to the United States. It is endemic to the Apalachicola and Ochlockonee River systems in the states of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia.
Theliderma tuberosa, the rough rockshell, is a species of freshwater mussel. It is an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. It has sometimes been treated as a variety or big-river ecotype of Theliderma metanevra, due to only having slight shell differences.
Ambleminae is a subfamily of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae. They are found throughout much of eastern North America south to Central America, although fossils are also known from Siberia. Some species have also been introduced to East Asia. They are the most speciose radiation of the Unionidae, with more than 300 species.
