G42 (company)

Last updated
Group 42 Holding Ltd
Company type Private
Industry
Founded2018;7 years ago (2018)
Headquarters Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Area served
Middle East, Africa, Central Asia, Europe, United States
Key people
Number of employees
25,000 (2024) [1]
Subsidiaries G42 Healthcare
Website g42.ai OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg

Group 42 Holding Ltd, doing business as G42, is a multi-billion USD artificial intelligence (AI) development holding company by the UAE founded in 2018 and based in Abu Dhabi. The company is focused on AI development across various industries including government, healthcare, finance, oil and gas, aviation, and hospitality. It is chaired by Tahnoon bin Zayed Al Nahyan from the ruling family of the UAE. Its Chinese CEO has been leading Pegasus – a subsidiary of DarkMatter, an Emirati security firm, which received scrutiny over the hiring of former CIA and NSA officials to spy on Americans, dissidents, and political rivals.#

Contents

G42 is a founding partner to MGX. UAE´s International Holding Company set up a unit to manage Group 42’s China-focused 42X Fund, which has stakes in Beijing’s JD.com and ByteDance.

Group 42 was reportedly the sole registered shareholder of the spying app ToTok.

Governance

The company is chaired by the National Security Advisor of the UAE, Tahnoon bin Zayed Al Nahyan, who is also its controlling shareholder. [2] [3]

Peng Xiao is the Group CEO, [4] former head of Emirati cybersecurity company DarkMatter Group. [5]

History and portfolio companies

G42 was founded in 2018 and is based in Abu Dhabi, UAE. [6] The company performs AI research and development on computer vision, machine learning, and natural language processing via its subsidiary, the Inception Institute of Artificial Intelligence (IIAI). [7]

In January 2020, G42 announced the acquisition of Bayanat for Mapping and Surveying Services LLC, an end-to-end provider of geospatial data products and services, to complement G42's satellite-based services. [8] [9] In 2020, state-owned Mubadala Investment Company took a stake in the company, transferring ownership of two information technology companies, Injazat and Khazna to G42. [10] The next year, American private equity firm Silver Lake invested $800 million for a minority stake. [11] [12]

In December 2019, Group 42 announced signing an agreement of strategic partnership with Abu Dhabi Developmental Holding Company (ADDH) to establish a joint venture called Adalytyx. [13]

In June 2020, G42 partnered with Sinopharm for clinical trials of a COVID-19 vaccine and in March 2021, they decided to produce the vaccine in Abu Dhabi. [14]

In July 2020, G42 announced the signing of a memorandum of understanding with the two Israeli defense groups, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems and Israel Aerospace Industries to research and develop methods to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, which the Israeli subsidiary Elta confirmed. [15] [16]

In July 2023, G42 agreed to pay around $100 million to purchase the first of potentially nine supercomputers from Cerebras to deploy its AI technology to create chatbots and analyze genomic and preventive care data. Each supercomputer is capable of 4  exaflops of computing. [17] [18] [19]

In October 2023, a partnership was announced with OpenAI, the AI research and deployment company responsible for ChatGPT. [14] In November 2023, G42 purchased a $100 million stake in ByteDance, [14] [20] which was divested four months later as an attempt to reassure its U.S. partners. [21]

In 2023, an investment unit, Lunate, was established under the International Holding Company to manage Group 42’s China-focused 42X Fund, which has stakes in Beijing’s JD.com and ByteDance. Lunate has over 160 employees, and is also overseen by Tahnoon bin Zayed. However, the establishment of a dedicated investment vehicle for China raised concerns around G42 and Peng Xiao’s commitment to the US about divesting from China. [22] [23]

In 2024, the Abu Dhabi government launched an investment firm specializing in AI technologies called MGX, with G42 and Mubadala as founding partners. [24]

In April 2024, Microsoft announced that it would invest $1.5 billion in G42. As part of the deal, Microsoft's president Brad Smith would join G42's board, and G42 said it would use the Microsoft Azure platform for its AI development and deployment. [25]

On May 22, 2025 G42 in collaboration with OpenAI, Oracle, NVIDIA, SoftBank Group and Cisco announced a partnership to build Stargate UAE. [26]

Controversies

As of 2019, Group 42 was reportedly the sole registered shareholder of ToTok, a free messaging, video, and voice-calling mobile application. The application was downloaded by users in the Middle East, Asia, Europe, North America, and Africa, within several months. The application was accused of being "used by the government of the United Arab Emirates to try to track every conversation, movement, relationship, appointment, sound and image of those who install it", in a New York Times exposé in December 2019. [27] Following the allegations, the application was removed by Apple and Google from their application stores. The CEO of G42 has been leading Pegasus – a subsidiary of DarkMatter, an Emirati security firm, which received scrutiny over the hiring of former CIA and NSA officials to spy on Americans, dissidents, and political rivals. The company denied having any connection with DarkMatter. [28] [29]

US government scrutiny

In 2020, G42 was reported to have donated BGI Group's Chinese-made Covid testing kits to Nevada. US intelligence and security officials objected to these testing kits, raising concerns over privacy risks, in that the gene-sequencing machines of the BGI Group could misuse the patients’ DNA. As of 2020, G42 was also reportedly working with BGI on a project for collecting genetic data of UAE citizens to "generate the highest quality, most comprehensive genome data". [30] [31]


On November 27, 2023, according to The New York Times , U.S. authorities were concerned that G42 might serve as a channel through which sophisticated U.S. technology has been diverted to Chinese companies or the government. Concerns were raised about the involvement of Huawei in building G42's technology infrastructure. Intelligence reports cautioned that G42's interactions with sanctioned Chinese enterprises such as BGI Group could serve as a means to transfer the genetic data of millions of Americans and other individuals to the Chinese government. [14] [20] Following the report by The New York Times, Peng Xiao stated that G42 would phase out its use of Huawei equipment. [32]

In January 2024, United States House Select Committee on Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party asked the United States Department of Commerce to impose export controls on G42 and 13 companies connected to it. [33] In response, G42 told the Financial Times in February 2024 that it had divested from all its investments in China. [21] In July 2024, U.S. representatives Michael McCaul and John Moolenaar asked the federal government for an intelligence assessment of G42's ties to the Chinese government and military as well as risks of intellectual property theft before a US$1.5 billion investment by Microsoft in G42 could advance. [34] The same month, the Select Committee accused UAE ambassador Yousef Al Otaiba of "personally intervening" to prevent it from meeting with representatives from G42. [35] [36] Microsoft subsequently modified its investment in G42, allowing it more oversight. [36]

In May 2025, US president Donald Trump signed an agreement with G42 to build the largest artificial intelligence campus outside the United States in the UAE to counter Chinese influence. US President Biden's restrictions that blocked access to high end US chips to the UAE were also removed. [37] On July 16, 2025 The Wall Street Journal reported that some Trump officials were holding up efforts to finalize the agreement, proposing to cut off direct access of chips to G42. Slowing the deal has bothered some American officials including White House AI czar David O. Sacks. [38]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Kwok, Karen (12 November 2024). "Gulf's AI strategy is built on more than sand". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 November 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
  2. ↑ Cornwell, Alexander (18 August 2022). "Mubadala-backed AI firm G42 sets up $10 bln tech fund". Reuters . Archived from the original on 2023-04-14. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
  3. ↑ Baigorri, Manuel; Bartenstein, Ben; Cao, Dong (14 March 2023). "UAE Spy Chief's Firm Buys Into ByteDance at $220 Billion Value". Bloomberg News . Archived from the original on 2023-03-15. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
  4. ↑ Cabral, Alvin R. (27 April 2023). "Regulatory oversight called for as generative AI takes centre-stage". The National . Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  5. ↑ After bashing Nvidia for ‘arming’ China, Cerebras's backer G42 alarms US govt with suspected Beijing ties Archived 2023-12-21 at the Wayback Machine Tobias Mann, The Register, 28 Nov 2023
  6. ↑ England, Andrew; Kerr, Simeon (24 January 2021). "The Abu Dhabi royal at the nexus of UAE business and national security" . Financial Times . Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  7. ↑ "About G42". Group 42. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2020-09-03.
  8. ↑ "Artificial intelligence company Group 42 acquires Abu Dhabi-based Bayanat". The National . Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  9. ↑ "Group 42 announces acquisition of Bayanat". Emirates News Agency . Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  10. ↑ "Abu Dhabi's Mubadala takes stake in local AI company G42". Reuters . 2 November 2020. Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  11. ↑ Gottfried, Miriam (2021-04-14). "Silver Lake Invests About $800 Million for Minority Stake in Abu Dhabi's G42" . The Wall Street Journal . ISSN   0099-9660. Archived from the original on 2023-10-04. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  12. ↑ Sapra, Bani (15 April 2021). "Silver Lake funnels $800 million into Abu Dhabi-based G42". Wired . Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  13. ↑ "ADDH and G42 Announce Joint Venture". Group 42. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  14. 1 2 3 4 Mazzetti, Mark; Wong, Edward (2023-11-27). "Inside U.S. Efforts to Untangle an A.I. Giant's Ties to China". The New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2023-11-27. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  15. ↑ "Israeli, UAE technology firms pen deal on virus research". ABC News . Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  16. ↑ "Group 42 joins forces with Israeli Rafael and IAI to defeat Covid-19". Emirates News Agency . Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  17. ↑ Nellis, Stephen; Hu, Krystal (20 July 2023). "Cerebras Systems signs $100 mln AI supercomputer deal with UAE's G42". Reuters . Archived from the original on 2023-07-21. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  18. ↑ Lu, Yiwen (2023-07-20). "An A.I. Supercomputer Whirs to Life, Powered by Giant Computer Chips". The New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2023-11-28. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  19. ↑ Moore, Samuel K. (20 July 2023). "Cerebras Introduces Its 2-Exaflop AI Supercomputer". IEEE Spectrum . Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  20. 1 2 Northrop, Katrina (2023-12-04). "G42's Ties To China Run Deep" . The Wire China . Archived from the original on 2023-12-05. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  21. 1 2 Cornish, Chloe; Wiggins, Kate (February 9, 2024). "Abu Dhabi AI group G42 sells its China stakes to appease US" . Financial Times . Retrieved 2024-02-09.
  22. ↑ "Abu Dhabi Investment Firm Lunate Takes On AI Firm G42's China Fund". Bloomberg News . Retrieved 8 July 2024.
  23. ↑ "Abu Dhabi's Lunate Weighs Raising $5 Billion to Hunt for Deals". Bloomberg News . Archived from the original on 2024-09-07. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  24. ↑ Bartenstein, Ben (11 March 2024). "Abu Dhabi Targets $100 Billion AUM for AI Investment Firm". Bloomberg News.
  25. ↑ Cornish, Chloe; Hammond, George (16 April 2024). "Microsoft to invest $1.5bn in Abu Dhabi AI group G42" . Financial Times . Archived from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
  26. ↑ "Global Tech Alliance Launches Stargate UAE". The Korea Herald. 23 May 2025.
  27. ↑ Mazzetti, Mark; Perlroth, Nicole; Bergman, Ronen (2019-12-22). "It Seemed Like a Popular Chat App. It's Secretly a Spy Tool". The New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2020-05-01. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  28. ↑ "Co-creator defends suspected UAE spying app called ToTok". Associated Press . Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
  29. ↑ "Google and Apple remove alleged UAE spy app ToTok". BBC News . Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  30. ↑ "US warned Nevada not to use Chinese COVID tests from UAE". Associated Press . Archived from the original on 16 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  31. ↑ Strobel, Warren P.; Scheck, Justin; Hope, Bradley (2021-01-13). "Chinese Covid-19 Tests Were Pushed by Federal Agencies Despite Security Warnings" . The Wall Street Journal . ISSN   0099-9660. Archived from the original on 2023-05-06. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  32. ↑ Confino, Paolo (December 7, 2023). "'We cannot work with both sides': A major Emirati AI company has picked a side in the U.S.-China tech war". Fortune . Archived from the original on January 10, 2024. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
  33. ↑ Wong, Edward; Mazzetti, Mark; Mozur, Paul (January 9, 2024). "A.I. Giant Tied to China Under Scrutiny". The New York Times . Archived from the original on January 9, 2024. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
  34. ↑ Alper, Alexandra; Christopher, Bing (July 11, 2024). "US lawmakers raise worries about China in Microsoft deal with Emirati AI firm". Reuters . Retrieved July 11, 2024.
  35. ↑ Alper, Alexandra (July 30, 2024). "UAE blocks meetings between AI firm G42 and US congressional staffers, spokesperson says". Reuters . Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  36. 1 2 Sakellariadis, John (August 1, 2024). "Microsoft scales back AI partnership with Emirati firm amid concerns over China ties". Politico . Archived from the original on August 2, 2024. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  37. ↑ "Trump Backs Massive Middle East AI Hub to Counter China". Newsweek. 16 May 2025.
  38. ↑ "National-Security Concerns Tie Up Trump's U.A.E. Chips Deal". The Wall Street Journal. 16 July 2025.
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