Gabriel Said Reynolds is an American academic and historian of religion, who serves as Jerome J. Crowley and Rosaleen G. Crowley Professor of Theology and assistant professor of Islamic Studies and Theology at the University of Notre Dame. [1] His scholarship focuses on World Religions and World Church, History of Christianity, Qur'anic Studies, Origins of Islam, and Muslim-Christian relations. [1] [2]
Gabriel Said Reynolds obtained his Ph.D. in Islamic Studies at Yale University. [1] In 2012-2013 he directed “The Qurʾān Seminar” alongside Mehdi Azaiez, a year-long collaborative project dedicated to encouraging dialogue among scholars of the Quran, the acts of which appeared as The Qurʾān Seminar Commentary. [1] [3] In 2016-2017 he directed the research project Un Dieu de vengeance et de miséricorde: Sur la théologie coranique en relation avec les traditions juive et chrétienne at the Fondation Institut d'Études Avancées de Nantes in France. [2] Reynolds currently serves as CEO of the International Qur’anic Studies Association (IQSA), [2] and is also a regular contributor to Notre Dame's World Religions and World Church podcast: Minding Scripture. [1]
In 2008 he was the editor for The Qur'an in its Historical Context; essays included his own introduction, "Qur'anic Studies and its Controversies". [4] In August 2015 the Times Literary Supplement published Variant Readings: The Birmingham Qur'an in The Context of Debate on Islamic Origins, a scholarly commentary of Reynolds about the discovery and analysis of the Birmingham Quran and its relations with other ancient Quranic manuscripts. [5] In 2018 he has overseen commentaries on such aspects of Islam as the Nephilim in The Qurʾān and the Bible: Text and Commentary. [6] In 2020 he wrote Allah: God in the Qurʾān, a scholarly treatise on the conception of God in Islam and its distinguishing features in Islamic theology, with a comparison between the portrayals of the Abrahamic god in the Bible and the Quran, respectively. [7]
Idris (I) ibn Abd Allah, also known as Idris the Elder, was a Hasanid and the founder of the Idrisid dynasty in part of northern Morocco, after fleeing the Hejaz as a result of the Battle of Fakhkh. He ruled from 788 to 791. He is credited with founding the dynasty that established Moroccan statehood and is regarded as the "founder of Morocco".
ʿĀd was an ancient tribe in pre-Islamic Arabia mentioned frequently in the Qurʾān.
The ten to whom Paradise was promised were ten early Muslims to whom, according to Sunni Islamic tradition, the Islamic prophet Muhammad had promised Paradise.
Ali bin Muhammad bin Idris was the fourth Idrisid sultan of Morocco.
Yahya ibn Muhammad was the fifth Idrisid ruler of Morocco.
Yahya ibn Yahya was the sixth Idrisid ruler of Morocco, and the last of the main branch of the dynasty.
Ali ibn Umar was the seventh Idrisid ruler of Morocco.
Yahya III ibn al-Qasim was an Idrisid ruler of Morocco.
Al-Qasim Jannun ibn Muhammad was an Idrisid ruler in Morocco in 937–949.
Abu'l-Aysh ibn al-Qasim Jannun was the twelfth Idrisid ruler and sultan of Morocco. He took over after Al Qasim Gannum in AD 948 until his death in AD 954.
Al-Hasan ibn al-Qasim Jannun was the thirteenth and the last Idrisid ruler and sultan of Morocco. He took over after Abu l-Aish Ahmad in 954 until his capture by the Umayyads in 974. He was then exiled to Córdoba, Spain. In 985/985, he returned from Cairo to Morocco with Fatimid support and attempted to regain control but he was defeated that same year by an Ummayad general and was then executed.
Abu Abdallah al-Husayn ibn Ahmad ibn Hamdan al-Hamadhani, better known simply as Ibn Khalawayh, was a 10th-century scholar of Arabic grammar and Quranic exegesis. He was born in Hamadan. He was active at the court of Sayf al-Dawla, the Hamdanid ruler of Syria, at Aleppo.
Abd al-Fattah Fumani was a 17th century Persian historian from Fuman in Gilan, who wrote a history of his native province, the Tarikh-i Gilan.
Al-Husayn Husam al-Din ibn Idris Imad al-Din was the 21st Da'i al-Mutlaq of Tayyibi Isma'ilis in Yemen from 1512 to 1527.
Al-Hasan Badr al-Din ibn Idris was the 20th Da'i al-Mutlaq of Tayyibi Isma'ilis in Yemen from 1468 to 1512.
Abu'l Muzaffar Bahram al-Armani al-Hafizi was the vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate in 1135–1137, under the Caliph al-Hafiz li-Din Allah.
Muhammad ibn Khalid ibn Barmak was one of the Barmakids, a family of Iranian functionaries who rose to great power under the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid.
Al-Qasim ibn Idris was an Idrisid prince and ruler in parts of Morocco during the 9th century.
Soleyman Khan Qajar was a military commander under his maternal cousin Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, the founder of the Qajar dynasty of Iran. In 1799, Soleyman Khan and Mirza Bozorg Qa'em-Maqam were appointed as the adjutants of the crown prince Abbas Mirza. Soleyman Khan remained with him until his death in 1806.
Abu Hashim Bukayr ibn Mahan was one of the chief leaders of the Hashimiyya movement and its propaganda that aimed to overthrow the Umayyad Caliphate. His exact role in the movement, as well as the movement's origins and aims, have been the subject of intense scholarly debate.
"Among the manuscripts... discovered in 1972... of the Great Mosque of Sanaa in Yemen was a rare Qur'anic palimpsest – that is, a manuscript preserving an original Qur'an text that had been erased and written over with a new Qur'an text. This palimpsest has been analysed by... Gerd and Elisabeth Puin, by Asma Hilali of the Institute of Ismaili Studies in London, and later by Behnam Sadeghi of Stanford University... What all of these scholars have discovered is remarkable: the earlier text of the Qur'an contains numerous variants to the standard consonantal text of the Qur'an."