Geogenanthus poeppigii

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Geogenanthus poeppigii
Geogenanthus poeppigii kz3.jpg
Geogenanthus poeppigii at the Boltz Conservatory
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Commelinales
Family: Commelinaceae
Genus: Geogenanthus
Species:
G. poeppigii
Binomial name
Geogenanthus poeppigii
(Miq.)Faden

Geogenanthus poeppigii, commonly called the seersucker plant, is a flowering plant species in the family Commelinaceae (the dayflower & spiderwort family). As currently circumscribed, the genus Geogenanthus includes two other species, G. ciliatus and G. rhizanthus. This species is named after 19th century German naturalist Eduard Friedrich Poeppig. Geogenanthus undatus is an outdated synonym for G. poeppigii.

Contents

Etymology

The specific epithet poeppigii is named after the man who first discovered this species, Eduard Friedrich Poeppig (1798-1868). This species got its common name, 'seersucker plant', because of its close resemblance to the puckering of seersucker fabric.

Systematics

Geogenanthus poeppiggi belongs to the genus Geogenanthus of the flowering plant family Commelinaceae. Commelinaceae is a well defined family of 41 genera and about 650 species. [1] G. poeppiggi is placed under the subtribe Dichorisandrinae, within the tribe Tradescantieae. Tradescantieae consists 7 subtribes and the subtribe Dichorisandrinae consists of 5 new world genera and around 51 species. [2] The 5 genera is divided into two monophyletic groups. Dichorisandra, Siderasis and Geogenanthus are one monophyletic group and the second group contains Cochliostema and Plowmanianthus. Dichorisandrinae subtribe displays a range of morphological and ecological variation within it. All members of the subtribe share a similar karyotype of 19 large chromosomes. [3] The genus Geogenanthus is distinguished by a particular 6-celled stomatal complex and basal axillary inflorescences. An analysis of DNA sequences indicate Geogenanthus is closely related to the genus Plowmanianthus followed by Cochliostema. [4] Roots of Geogenanthus are tuberous and they penetrate the soil, which makes the genus different from its close relatives. Analysis of morphological characters in Commelinaceae indicate Geogenanthus is closely related to Dichoriscantieae and Siderasis, [5] but Geogenanthus is placed as the sister to Dichoriscantieae and Siderasis in the cladogram from the combined morphology and sequence analysis, with high bootstrap value supporting the placement. [6]

Based on the estimates of origin and diversification of the order Commelinales, which might have been sometime during the mid to late cretaceous period i.e. between 123 and 66 million years ago, [7] it can be very roughly estimated that the genus Geogenanthus could have originated 66 million years ago.

Distribution

Native to Amazonia. It has been documented in the lowlands of Peru and western Brazil, and is typically found on the floor of primary rainforests.

Morphology

The bottom of the leaf is purple and the top of its leaves are green with darker green stripes. The surface as a whole has a "puckered" appearance; hence the common name seersucker plant. This plant is particularly unique because its cymes rise from the lower nodes, which often looks like they're growing out of the ground. The three upper stamens are hairy and the three lower ones longer and smooth. Nodes and internodes are prominent on the stem. The stem of the plant is covered in minute brown hairs and, underground, plants possess a short, branching rhizome.

Uses

This species is adaptable to a low light environments which has made it preferable for a house plant. It also likes humidity and, in a pot, it should not be allowed to dry out for too long.

Horticulture

Bright, indirect sunlight is best. As with many related species, these plants do not flower or set seed freely, so stem cuttings are usually used to propagate this species. [8]

Related Research Articles

Taxonomy of the Orchidaceae

The taxonomy of the Orchidaceae has evolved slowly during the last 250 years, starting with Carl Linnaeus who in 1753 recognized eight genera. De Jussieu recognized the Orchidaceae as a separate family in his Genera Plantarum in 1789. Olof Swartz recognized 25 genera in 1800. Louis Claude Richard provided us in 1817 with the descriptive terminology of the orchids.. The next step was taken in 1830-1840 by John Lindley, who recognized four subfamilies. He is generally recognized as the father of orchid taxonomy. The next important step was taken by George Bentham with a new classification, recognizing subtribes for the first time. This classification was first presented in a paper that Bentham read to the Royal Society in 1881. Then it was published in 1883 in the final volume of Genera Plantarum. The next great contributors were Pfitzer (1887), Schlechter (1926), Mansfeld (1937), Dressler and Dodson (1960), Garay, Vermeulen (1966), again Dressler (1981). and Burns-Balogh and Funk (1986). Dressler's 1993 book had considerable influence on later work.

Orchidoideae Subfamily of orchids

The Orchidoideae, or the orchidoid orchids, are a subfamily of the orchid family (Orchidaceae).

Commelinaceae Family of flowering plants

Commelinaceae is a family of flowering plants. In less formal contexts, the group is referred to as the dayflower family or spiderwort family. It is one of five families in the order Commelinales and by far the largest of these with about 731 known species in 41 genera. Well known genera include Commelina (dayflowers) and Tradescantia (spiderworts). The family is diverse in both the Old World tropics and the New World tropics, with some genera present in both. The variation in morphology, especially that of the flower and inflorescence, is considered to be exceptionally high amongst the angiosperms.

<i>Dichorisandra</i> Genus of flowering plants

Dichorisandra is a genus of perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the dayflower family (Commelinaceae). It is found in the Neotropics. The genus is characterised by its slightly zygomorphic flowers with large anthers usually releasing pollen by means of pores at the apex, as well as by its seeds that are embedded in a red or sometimes white aril, and tubers that often form at the tips of the roots. Both morphology and an analysis of DNA sequences indicate it is very closely related to the genus Siderasis.

<i>Cochliostema</i> Genus of epiphytes

Cochliostema is a genus of plants with two species in the family Commelinaceae. The genus occurs from southern Nicaragua to southern Ecuador.

PlowmanianthusFaden & C.R.Hardy is a genus of plants with 5 species and 2 subspecies in the family Commelinaceae. The genus is distributed from Panama to Amazonian Peru and Brazil.

Commelinoideae Subfamily of flowering plants

Commelinoideae is a subfamily of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the dayflower family (Commelinaceae). The Commelinoideae is one of two subfamilies within the Commelinaceae and includes 39 genera and all but 12 of the family's several hundred known species. The subfamily is further broken down into two tribes, the Tradescantieae, which includes 26 genera and about 300 species, and the Commelineae, which contains 13 genera and about 350 species.

Vandeae Tribe of orchids

The Vandeae is a large monophyletic tribe within the family of orchids.

<i>Geogenanthus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Geogenanthus is a genus of plants with 3 species in the family Commelinaceae. The genus is distributed from Colombia to Amazonian Peru and Brazil. Two of its species are occasionally found in the horticultural trade as houseplants.

Dichorisandrinae Subtribe of flowering plants

Dichorisandrinae is a subtribe within the tribe Tradescantieae of the flowering plant family Commelinaceae. It consists of 5 genera and around 51 species.

<i>Cartonema</i> Genus of flowering plants

Cartonema is a genus of perennial or annual monocotyledonous flowering plants in the dayflower family. It is restricted to Australia and nearby Trangan Island, which is part of Indonesia. It is the earliest diverging member of its family and has a number of traits that are unique within it, such as non-succulent leaves and a lack of raphides. Its distinctive features led to the genus to once be considered part of its own separate family, Cartonemataceae. However, analysis of DNA sequences, as well as many common anatomical characters, has supported its relationship with the Commelinaceae. It contains about 11 species.

<i>Triceratella</i> Genus of flowering plants

Triceratella is a genus of annual monocotyledonous flowering plants in the dayflower family. The genus consists of a single species, Triceratella drummondii. It is known to occur in Zimbabwe and Mozambique, but has only been collected twice. Because of its rarity, DNA sequences have never been used to determine its relatives, but it is believed to be closely related to the early diverging genus Cartonema, with which it shares a number of characters unique for the dayflower family, such as a yellow flowers, glandular hairs, and a lack of glandular microhairs. It differs from Cartonema, however, in having raphides, which all other members of the Commelinaceae have, although they occur in a unique position next to the leaf veins in Triceratella.

<i>Murdannia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Murdannia is a genus of annual or perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the dayflower family.

<i>Buforrestia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Buforrestia is a genus of perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the dayflower family. The genus contains three known species, with two found in West and Central Africa and one in northeastern South America.

<i>Polyspatha</i>

Polyspatha is a genus of perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the dayflower family. It is restricted to tropical Africa consists of three recognized species.

<i>Coleotrype</i> Genus of flowering plants

Coleotrype is a genus of perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the dayflower family. It is found in Africa and Madagascar.

<i>Amischotolype</i> Genus of flowering plants

Amischotolype is a genus of perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the dayflower family. It is found in Central Africa and from India through Southeast Asia to New Guinea, with the great majority or species found in Asia.

Commelineae Tribe of flowering plants

Commelineae is a tribe of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the dayflower family (Commelinaceae). The tribe consists of 13 genera and about 350 species. It is one of two tribes in the subfamily Commelinoideae, the other being the Tradescantieae, which is made up of 26 genera and about 300 species. The remaining two genera in the family are in a separate subfamily, the Cartonematoideae.

Taxonomy of Liliaceae Classification of the lily family Liliaceae

The taxonomy of Liliaceae has had a complex history since the first description of this flowering plant family in the mid-eighteenth century. Originally, the Liliaceae or Lily family were defined as having a "calix" (perianth) of six equal-coloured parts, six stamens, a single style, and a superior, three-chambered (trilocular) ovary turning into a capsule fruit at maturity. The taxonomic circumscription of the family Liliaceae progressively expanded until it became the largest plant family and also extremely diverse, being somewhat arbitrarily defined as all species of plants with six tepals and a superior ovary. It eventually came to encompass about 300 genera and 4,500 species, and was thus a "catch-all" and hence paraphyletic taxon. Only since the more modern taxonomic systems developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) and based on phylogenetic principles, has it been possible to identify the many separate taxonomic groupings within the original family and redistribute them, leaving a relatively small core as the modern family Liliaceae, with fifteen genera and 600 species.

References

  1. ↑ Faden, Robert B. (1998), Kubitzki, Klaus, ed., The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants 4, Berlin: Springer, pp. 109–128, ISBN   3-540-64061-4
  2. ↑ Evans, T. M., Sytsma, K. J., Faden, R. B., & Givnish, T. J. (2003). Phylogenetic relationships in the Commelinaceae: I. A cladistic analysis of rbcL sequences and morphology. Systematic Botany, 28(2), 270-292.
  3. ↑ Wade, D. J., Evans, T. M., & Faden, R. B. (2006). Subtribal relationships in tribe Tradescantieae (Commelinaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. Aliso, 22(1), 520-526.
  4. ↑ Hardy CR .2001. Systematics of Cochliostema, Geogenanthus, and an undescribed genus in the spiderwort family, Commelinaceae. PhD Dissertation, Cornell University, Itaca, NY, USA.
  5. ↑ Burns, J. H., Faden, R. B., & Steppan, S. J. (2011). Phylogenetic studies in the Commelinaceae subfamily Commelinoideae inferred from nuclear ribosomal and chloroplast DNA sequences. Systematic Botany, 36(2), 268-276.
  6. ↑ Evans, T. M., Sytsma, K. J., Faden, R. B., & Givnish, T. J. (2003). Phylogenetic relationships in the Commelinaceae: II. A cladistic analysis of rbcL sequences and morphology. Systematic Botany, 28(2), 270-292.
  7. ↑ Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, November 2011.
  8. ↑ Plant Encyclopedia
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