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 Germany |  Malta |
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Germany and Malta have maintained diplomatic relations since 1965. Both countries are members of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the European Union, the Schengen area and the Eurozone. Malta cooperates with NATO in the Partnership for Peace program. Germany has given full support to Malta's membership of the European Union.
In the Middle Ages, Malta was under the rule of the Hohenstaufen dynasty from 1194 to 1268, who were the Roman-German rulers at that time. In the 16th century, Malta briefly came under the rule of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, who offered it as a fiefdom to the Order of Saint John, expelled from Rhodes, in 1525. The Order determined the history of the island for the following 268 years and is therefore often called the "Order of Malta". [1]
In 1798 Napoléon Bonaparte was sighted with his fleet off Malta. Under the only German Grand Master of the Order so far, Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim, the island was surrendered without a fight and abandoned by the Knights of the Order, so that Ferdinand was also the last Grand Master to reside on Malta. After a Maltese rebellion, the islands came to Great Britain in 1800, under whose control it would remain until 1964. [1]
During World War I, operations against German submarines were launched from Malta. During World War II, Malta once again served as a base for the Allies due to its strategic location. The island was subsequently hit by over 2000 German and Italian air raids (see Siege of Malta (World War II)), to which more than 1500 Maltese fell victim. In 1964 Malta gained its independence. Diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and Malta were established in 1965. Relations have intensified with Malta's accession to the European Union in 2004. [2]
The University of Malta has had a full-fledged German Studies program since 2008. [3]
The German-Maltese Society has existed since 1991 and is based in Adenau.
Germany is one of Malta's most important trading partners. The total volume of trade with Malta amounted to 1.1 billion euros in 2021, putting Malta in 77th place in the ranking of German trading partners. German exports to Malta that year totaled 637 million euros, while imports from Malta totaled 435 million euros. [4] Around 50 to 60 German companies are active in Malta and have invested around 17 billion euros. [5]
Malta is very popular with German tourists: they make up the largest contingent of holidaymakers alongside the British and Italians.[ citation needed ]
Germany–Morocco relations date back to the 19th century. The German Foreign Office describes Morocco as a "central partner of the European Union and Germany in North Africa," and Germany is an important trading partner for Morocco. In the past, however, relations have not always been entirely free of tension.
German-Central African relations are foreign relations between the Central African Republic (CAR) and Germany. The relations between both countries are described by the Federal Foreign Office as "problem-free, but of low intensity". Since the closure of the German Embassy in Bangui, the German Embassy in Cameroon has been responsible for relations with the Central African Republic. The Central African Republic is one of the few countries that does not have its own embassy in Germany. The Central African Embassy in Paris is responsible for relations with Germany.
Relations between Germany and Algeria are described as "good" by the German Federal Foreign Office. Germany is among Algeria's most important trading partners. The two countries concluded an energy partnership in 2015.
Germany–Ghana relations are good and Ghana is one of the priority countries for German development aid. Official diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in the 1950s, but contacts between the two societies go back much further and can be traced back to the 17th century.
Germany–Somalia relations have intensified since 2012 after the political and security situation in Somalia improved, according to information from the German Foreign Office. Germany has not had an ambassador to Somalia since 1989, and the German Ambassador in Nairobi is responsible for relations with Somalia instead.
Germany–Venezuela relations have a long tradition and were officially established in 1871. During Nicolás Maduro's tenure, relations have deteriorated and in 2019 Venezuela declared the German Ambassador Daniel Kriener a persona non grata; however, he was able to return to the country soon after. Close relations with Venezuela continue to be maintained by parts of the German left and the political party Die Linke.
On the diplomatic level, Colombia–Germany relations have existed since 1872 and thus for more than 140 years.
Germany–Rwanda relations are good and there is a "close and pragmatic" relationship between the two countries, according to the German Foreign Office. In the 21st century, Germany is one of the most important donors of development aid to Rwanda.
Germany–Tanzania relations are the bilateral relations between Germany and Tanzania. From 1885 to 1918, Tanzania was a German colony as part of German East Africa. In the 21st century, relations are primarily characterized by the joint development cooperation.
Germany–Sudan relations are the current and historical relations between Germany and Sudan. The Federal Republic of Germany was the first country to recognize Sudan diplomatically in 1956. Due to its mediating position in the various armed conflicts in the country, Germany is a trusted partner for Sudan.
Germany–Togo relations are shaped by the shared past of both countries. From 1884 to 1914, Togo was a colony of Germany under the name of Togoland.
Germany–Tajikistan relations are the diplomatic relations between Tajikistan and Germany.
Germany–Mauritania relations are described as "good" by the German Foreign Office, and Germany provides development aid to Mauritania. However, state visits at the bilateral level are rare.
Eritrea–Germany relations have existed since Eritrea's independence from Ethiopia in 1993, but they are strained by the poor human rights situation in Eritrea. Among Afro-Germans, Eritreans are now among the largest groups.
Germany–Oman relations are described by the German Foreign Office as "good and friendly". Germany is one of Oman's most important economic partners in areas outside the oil industry.
Germany–Madagascar relations are "traditionally friendly", according to the German Foreign Office. Diplomatic contacts have been maintained between the two countries since the 19th century. In the 21st century, relations between the two countries are predominantly characterized by development cooperation.
The quality of Germany–Guinea relations has been subject to some fluctuations since bilateral relations were established in 1958. Due to its long history of cooperation in development policy, the Federal Republic of Germany enjoys a good reputation among the Guinean public.
Ecuador–Germany relations have existed since 1922, and in the 21st century they focus on development cooperation, environmental policy, trade and investment and education.
Bahrain–Germany relations have existed since 1972 and are described as "good" by the German Foreign Office. Germany enjoys a good reputation in the country of Bahrain, and the German economy in particular is highly regarded.
Germany–Laos relations have existed on the bilateral level since the late 1950s.
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