Glomeris hexasticha

Last updated

Glomeris hexasticha
Glomeris hexasticha 216026787.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Diplopoda
Order: Glomerida
Family: Glomeridae
Genus: Glomeris
Species:
G. hexasticha
Binomial name
Glomeris hexasticha
Brandt, 1833
Synonyms
List
  • Eurypleuroglomeris hexasticha(Brandt, 1833)
  • Eurypleuroglomeris hexasticha hexasticha(Brandt, 1833)
  • Glomeris ambigua(Haase, 1886)
  • Glomeris europaea hexasticha(Brandt, 1833)
  • Glomeris hexasticha bavarica var. hungarica(Verhoeff, 1906)
  • Glomeris hexasticha bavarica var. septemseriata(Verhoeff, 1906)
  • Glomeris hexasticha boleti var. austriaca(Attems, 1927)
  • Glomeris hexasticha boleti var. bifurcata(Attems, 1927)
  • Glomeris hexasticha boleti var. boleti(Verhoeff, 1906)
  • Glomeris hexasticha boleti var. kalonota(Attems, 1927)
  • Glomeris hexasticha boleti var. maculosa(Attems, 1927)
  • Glomeris hexasticha boleti var. taeniata(Attems, 1927)
  • Glomeris hexasticha hexasticha(Brandt, 1833)
  • Glomeris hexasticha hexasticha var. ambigua(Haase, 1886)
  • Glomeris hexasticha hexasticha var. analis(Verhoeff, 1906)
  • Glomeris hexasticha hexasticha var. continens(Attems, 1927)
  • Glomeris hexasticha hexasticha var. eremita(Verhoeff, 1906)
  • Glomeris hexasticha hexasticha var. hexasticha(Brandt, 1833)
  • Glomeris hexasticha hexasticha var. jablanicensis(Verhoeff, 1906)
  • Glomeris hexasticha hexasticha var. luctuosa(Attems, 1927)
  • Glomeris hexasticha hexasticha var. marcomannia(Verhoeff, 1906)
  • Glomeris hexasticha hexasticha var. mniszechii(Nowicki, 1870)
  • Glomeris hexasticha hexasticha var. popinacina(Attems, 1927)
  • Glomeris hexasticha hexasticha var. pseudoambigua(Verhoeff, 1906)
  • Glomeris hexasticha hexasticha var. quadrimaculata(Latzel, 1884)
  • Glomeris hexasticha hexasticha var. quadristriata(Haase)
  • Glomeris hexasticha hexasticha var. saxonicorum(Verhoeff, 1906)
  • Glomeris hexasticha hexasticha var. scutoatrata(Verhoeff, 1906)
  • Glomeris hexasticha hexasticha var. szeklerana(Verhoeff, 1906)
  • Glomeris hexasticha hexasticha var. vallicola(Verhoeff, 1906)
  • Glomeris hexasticha marcomannia var. baernsteinensis(Verhoeff, 1927)
  • Glomeris hexasticha marcomannia var. boleti(Verhoeff, 1906)
  • Glomeris hexasticha marcomannia var. graniticola(Verhoeff, 1906)
  • Glomeris hexasticha marcomannia var. marcomannia(Verhoeff, 1906)
  • Glomeris hexasticha marcomannia var. pseudosuevica(Verhoeff, 1911)
  • Glomeris hexasticha marcomannia var. vidovecina(Attems, 1927)
  • Glomeris hexasticha markomannica(Verhoeff, 1906)
  • Glomeris hexasticha rabensteinensis var. medioatrata(Verhoeff, 1906)
  • Glomeris hexasticha rabensteinensis var. pannonica(Verhoeff, 1906)
  • Glomeris hexasticha var. divisa(Haase, 1886)
  • Glomeris hexasticha var. formosa(Latzel, 1884)
  • Glomeris hexasticha var. hexasticha(Brandt, 1833)
  • Glomeris hexasticha var. mniszechii(Nowicki, 1870)
  • Glomeris hexasticha var. obscura(Haase, 1886)
  • Glomeris hexasticha var. quadrimaculata(Latzel, 1884)
  • Glomeris hexasticha var. rubiginosa(Latzel, 1884)
  • Glomeris mniszechi(Nowicki, 1875)
  • Glomeris mniszechii(Nowicki, 1870)

Glomeris hexasticha, also known as the eastern six-striped pill millipede or the diagonal-striped pill millipede, is a species of pill millipede within the family Glomeridae and order Glomerida. [1] The pill millipede is widely distributed within many European countries, [2] with the species consisting of over twenty different subspecies. [1]

Contents

Description

The body length of Glomeris hexasticha ranges from 6 to 17 mm long. Its exoskeleton displays a base colour ranging from brown to black, adorned with 7 rows (typically 6 in the eastern populations) of yellow-brown to red-brown spots. These lateral spots on the thoracic plate are large and always well-defined. The 2nd tergite of the species usually possesses a main furrow, accompanied by 0-1 pre-furrow and 2-4 subsidiary furrows. In males, the pre-anal tergite exhibits a prominent bulging of the rear margin, while in females, this bulge is less pronounced. Additionally, the male individuals exhibit a cross bulge above the rear margin. [3]

Distribution

Glomeris hexasticha possess a widespread European distribution where it can be found in the countries of: Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine. [2] [4] The species is also native to Central European Russia, European Turkey and the transcontinental region of the Near East. [4]

Habitat

Glomeris hexasticha mainly inhabitants forests located within montane and subalpine altitudes. [3] Forests can be both deciduous or coniferous, exhibiting tree species such as the common hornbeam ( C. betulus ) and black pine ( Pinus nigra ). [5] G. hexasticha has also been discovered to live on forest edges and within meadow habitat, where it is found living alongside wild wheat grasses ( Agropyron sp.) and common rosehip (R. canina). [5] G. hexasticha is a detritivore feeding on decaying plant matter such as dead wood and leaves. [3]

Subspecies

Glomeris hexasticha contains 27 distinct subspecies: [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armadillidiidae</span> Family of woodlice, a terrestrial crustacean group in the order Isopoda

Armadillidiidae is a family of woodlice, a terrestrial crustacean group in the order Isopoda. Unlike members of some other woodlice families, members of this family can roll into a ball, an ability they share with the outwardly similar but unrelated pill millipedes and other animals. This ability gives woodlice in this family their common names of pill bugs or roly polies. Other common names include slaters,potato bugs, butchy boys and doodle bugs. Most species are native to the Mediterranean Basin, while a few species have wider European distributions. The best-known species, Armadillidium vulgare, was introduced to New England in the early 19th century and has become widespread throughout North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pill millipede</span> Order of millipedes

Pill millipedes are any members of two living orders of millipedes, often grouped together into a single superorder, Oniscomorpha. The name Oniscomorpha refers to the millipedes' resemblance to certain woodlice (Oniscidea), also called pillbugs or "roly-polies". However, millipedes and woodlice are not closely related ; rather, this is a case of convergent evolution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glomerida</span> Order of millipedes

Glomerida is an order of pill-millipedes found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere. Also known as northern pill millipedes, they superficially resemble pill-bugs or woodlice, and can enroll into a protective ball. They have twelve body segments, 17 to 19 pairs of legs, and males have enlarged rear legs involved in mating. The order includes about 30 genera and at least 280 species, including Glomeris marginata, the common European pill-millipede. The order contains members in Europe, South-east Asia and the Americas from California to Guatemala. Although historically considered closely related with the similar sphaerotheriidans that also enroll, some DNA evidence suggest they may be more closely related to glomeridesmidans, a poorly known order that does not enroll.

<i>Glomeris</i> Genus of millipedes

Glomeris is a genus of pill millipedes that belongs to the family Glomeridae and order Glomerida. The genus Glomeris is the largest within the family Glomeridae, comprising about 100 species along with a few hundred subspecies, varieties, forms, or genetic aberrations. The genus is primarily distributed in Europe, but can also be found in the Canary Islands, North Africa, and North-western Anatolia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sphaerotheriida</span> Order of millipedes

Sphaerotheriida is an order of millipedes in the infraclass Pentazonia, sometimes known as giant pill millipedes. They inhabit Southern Africa, Madagascar, South and Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Like the Northern Hemisphere pill millipedes of the order Glomerida, these millipedes can roll into a ball when disturbed. When they are rolled-up, most sphaerotheriidans reach a maximum size of a cherry or golf ball, but some species from Madagascar can even reach the size of an orange. When rolled-up, predators are unable to unravel giant pill millipedes since the margins of their second and last dorsal plates fit perfectly into one another, creating a sealed ball. A few giant pill millipede species are able to produce sound, the only millipedes known to do this. This order of millipedes is also unique in that some African species are used for medicinal purposes.

<i>Glomeris klugii</i> Species of pill millipede

Glomeris klugii is a species of pill millipede within the genus Glomeris and family Glomeridae. The species is highly variable in colouration, with more than 40 varieties and subspecies identified, each displaying unique colour patterns. The diverse colour patterns of G. klugii can be visually striking, and certain patterns are geographically restricted, leading to the species being associated with numerous taxonomic synonyms.

<i>Glomeris connexa</i> Species of millipede

Glomeris connexa is a species of pill millipede within the genus Glomeris and family Glomeridae.

<i>Glomeris sublimbata</i> Species of pill millipede

Glomeris sublimbata, also known as the marbled pill millipede, is a species of pill millipede belonging to the genus Glomeris and the family Glomeridae.

<i>Glomeris aurita</i>

Glomeris aurita, also known as the golden-eared pill millipede, is a species of pill millipede belonging to the genus Glomeris and the family Glomeridae.

<i>Glomeris pustulata</i> Glomeris pustulata is a species of pill millipede belonging to the genus Glomeris.

Glomeris pustulata is a species of pill millipede belonging to the genus Glomeris and the family Glomeridae.

<i>Glomeris balcanica</i> A species of pill millipede

Glomeris balcanica, also known as the Balkan pill millipede, is a species of pill millipede within the family Glomeridae and order Glomerida.

<i>Glomeris annulata</i> Species of millipede

Glomeris annulata, also known as the orange banded pill millipede, is a species of pill millipede within the genus Glomeris and family Glomeridae.

<i>Glomeris tetrasticha</i> Species of millipede.

Glomeris tetrasticha, is a species of pill millipede within the genus Glomeris and family Glomeridae.

<i>Glomeris ornata</i> Species of millipede

Glomeris ornata, is a species of pill millipede within the genus Glomeris and family Glomeridae.

<i>Glomeris intermedia</i> Species of millipede

Glomeris intermedia, also known as the western six-striped pill millipede, is a species of pill millipede within the genus Glomeris and family Glomeridae.

<i>Glomeris guttata</i> A species of millipede

Glomeris guttata is a species of pill millipede within the genus Glomeris and family Glomeridae.

<i>Glomeris pulchra</i> Species of millipede.

Glomeris pulchra is a species of pill millipede within the genus Glomeris and the family Glomeridae. The species is native to South-eastern Europe, where it can be found in the countries of: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Montenegro and North Macedonia.

<i>Glomeris ligurica</i> Species of millipede.

Glomeris ligurica is a species of pill millipede within the genus Glomeris and family Glomeridae.

<i>Glomeris transalpina</i> Species of millipede.

Glomeris transalpina, is a species of pill millipede within the genus Glomeris and family Glomeridae.

<i>Glomeris primordialis</i> Species of millipede

Glomeris primordialis, is a species of pill millipede within the genus Glomeris and family Glomeridae. The species is locally endemic to the Biellese Alps of Northern Italy.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Glomeris hexasticha Brandt, 1833". Millibase. 2023-05-29. Retrieved 2023-05-29.
  2. 1 2 "Occurrences". Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Retrieved 2023-05-29.
  3. 1 2 3 "Glomeris hexasticha Brandt, 1833 Schrägstreifiger Saftkugler". arthropodafotos.de. 2023-05-29. Retrieved 2023-05-29.
  4. 1 2 "Glomeris hexasticha Brandt, 1833". Fauna Europaea . 2023-05-31. Retrieved 2023-05-31.
  5. 1 2 Bachvarova D. (2019) New record of Glomeris hexasticha Brandt, 1833 (Diplopoda: Glomerida: Glomeridae) from the Lilyaksko Plateau, North-Eastern Bulgaria. Acta Scientifica Naturalis, Vol.6 (Issue 2), pp. 55-61. doi : 10.2478/asn-2019-0018
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