The Crotalinae, commonly known as pit vipers, or pit adders, are a subfamily of vipers found in Asia and the Americas. Like all other vipers, they are venomous. They are distinguished by the presence of a heat-sensing pit organ located between the eye and the nostril on both sides of the head. Currently, 23 genera and 155 species are recognized: These are also the only viperids found in the Americas. The groups of snakes represented here include rattlesnakes, lanceheads, and Asian pit vipers. The type genus for this subfamily is Crotalus, of which the type species is the timber rattlesnake, C. horridus.
Gloydius is a genus of pit vipers endemic to Asia, also known as Asian moccasins or Asian ground pit vipers. Named after American herpetologist Howard K. Gloyd, this genus is very similar to the North American genus Agkistrodon. 24 species are currently recognized.
Ovophis monticola, commonly known as the Chinese mountain pit viper, is a pit viper species found in Asia. Currently, two subspecies are recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here. Recent taxonomic work suggests that most of these should be considered as separate species. IUCN has already evaluated O. m. makazayazaya as Ovophis makazayazaya.
Trimeresurus albolabris, the white-lipped pit viper or white-lipped tree viper, is a venomous pit viper species endemic to Southeast Asia.
Gloydius halys is a pit viper species found within a wide range that stretches across Asia, from Russia, east of the Urals, eastwards through China. Four subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominotypical form described here.
The plateau pika, also known as the black-lipped pika, is a species of mammal in the pika family, Ochotonidae.
Gloydius intermedius, or Central Asian pit viper, is a venomous species of pitviper endemic to northern Asia.
Gloydius strauchi is a species of venomous pit viper in the subfamily Crotalinae of the family Viperidae. The species is native to western China. It is a small snake with a pattern of four longitudinal stripes, although some older specimens may be a uniform black. G. strauchi may be distinguished from G. monticola by its higher midbody dorsal scale count. This species jointly holds the altitude record for pitvipers together with Crotalus triseriatus of Mexico, both being found even above the tree line at over 4,000 m (13,000 ft). No subspecies were recognized as being valid, until a recent publication re-evaluated the taxonomic statuses of populations of G. strauchi and described the eastern Tibetan populations as a new species.
Gloydius lateralis is a species of venomous pit viper found in the Zharu Valley of Jiuzhaigou County, China. The species is active during sunny days in hot and dry areas along roadsides. The Zharu Valley is the sole known location of G. lateralis. This snake is assumed to eat small mammals like mice, based on the fur remnants found within its droppings. This species lineage is a sister taxon to G. swild, being morphologically and phylogenetically similar.
Gloydius chambensis, the Chamba pitviper, is a species of venomous snake belonging to the family Viperidae and the subfamily Crotalinae, the pit vipers. It was described in 2022 from the Chamba District of Himachal Pradesh in the southern Himalayas of northern India. It was identified as a separate species from Gloydius himalayanus by genetic differences and by differences in the counts of scales in some tracts.
Gloydius changdaoensis is a species of Asian moccasin from Shandong Province, China. The name changdaoensis comes from the area it was first discovered in, Changdao County. As with all pit vipers, it is venomous. It has been named as one of the 30 most endangered viper species in 2016.
Gloydius cognatus, or the Alashan pitviper, is a species of Asian moccasin from North West China and Mongolia. As with all pit vipers it is venomous, and it is considered the most toxic species of Gloydius in China.
Gloydius halys boehmei, or the Böhme's pitviper, is a subspecies of Halys pitviper from Eastern Afghanistan. As with all pit vipers, it is venomous.
Gloydius halysmogoi, or the Siberian Pitviper, is a subspecies of Halys pitviper from Mongolia and Siberia. As with all pit vipers, it is venomous.
Gloydius halysubsunurensis, also known as the Ubsunur pit viper or the Ubsunur Mamushi, is a subspecies of Halys pitviper from Mongolia and Russia. As with all pit vipers, it is venomous.
Gloydius huangi, the Lancang Plateau viper, is a species of Asian moccasin from Tibet. Taxonomically it is named after Dr. Song Huang, a herpetologist from Huangshan University, and the suggested common name is after the name of the river basin it is found in, in hopes of promoting its conservation. As with all pit vipers, it is venomous. It is most closely related to G. monticola.
Gloydius lipipengi, the Nujiang pit viper, is a species of Asian moccasin from China. Taxonomically it is named after Prof. Pi-Peng Li, a herpetologist from Shenyang Normal University. As with all pit vipers, it is venomous. It is most closely related to G. rubromaculatus.
Gloydius liupanensis is a species of Asian moccasin from China, named after the Liupan Mountains where it was originally found. As with all pit vipers, it is venomous. The validity of the species is debated, but recent studies declare it as a valid species.
Gloydiusrickmersi is a species of Asian moccasin from Kyrgyzstan, named after Willi Rickmer Rickmers. As with all pit vipers, it is venomous.
