| Golden-tailed parrotlet | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Psittaciformes |
| Family: | Psittacidae |
| Genus: | Touit |
| Species: | T. surdus |
| Binomial name | |
| Touit surdus (Kuhl, 1820) | |
 | |
| Synonyms | |
Touit surda(lapsus) | |
The golden-tailed parrotlet (Touit surdus) is a Vulnerable species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is endemic to eastern Brazil. [3] [1]
The golden-tailed parrotlet is monotypic. [3] However, the northern population might merit separation as a subspecies. [4]
The golden-tailed parrotlet is about 16 cm (6.3 in) long. Its body is mostly green, darker above than below, and rather emerald green on the rump and uppertail coverts. Its forehead, lores, and cheeks are yellow; it has a white eye ring. Its scapulars are olive-brown. Its flight feathers are dusky brown with green edges, its primary coverts dark brown, the other wing coverts green, and the carpal area blue. Males' central tail feathers are green and the others greenish yellow; all have narrow black tips. Females are very similar to males but have somewhat duller underparts and greener tail feathers. [4]
The golden-tailed parrotlet has a disjunct distribution in northeastern and eastern Brazil. It is found in Ceará, intermittently from Pernambuco to Alagoas, and again intermittently between Bahia and São Paulo state. It inhabits humid evergreen forest and forest on sandy soils both primary and secondary. It also frequents cacao plantations, and inland is found in the lower levels of montane forest. In elevation it is found from sea level to 900 or 1,000 m (3,000 or 3,300 ft). [4] [5]
Some season movements of the golden-tailed parrotlet have been noted, but they are not well defined. [4]
The golden-tailed parrotlet usually forages in small flocks that are suspected to be family groups. Its diet is mostly fruit but details are lacking. [4]
The golden-tailed parrotlet is thought to start breeding behavior in September or October, the start of the rainy season. The only known nests were in arboreal termite nests. The clutch size, incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known. [4]
The golden-tailed parrotlet's call is a "falsetto 'kree-kree-kree-kruh- -' or shrieking 'k'reeéh'." [5]
The IUCN originally assessed the golden-tailed parrotlet as Threatened, then in 1994 Endangered, and since 2004 as Vulnerable. It has a very limited range and its estimated population of fewer than 10,000 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. "Extensive deforestation throughout its range is regarded as the principal cause of its rarity". However, it "has been found to be more resilient to forest fragmentation than first thought, and it may be under-recorded rather than genuinely scarce, especially in the southern part of its range." [1] It does occur in many private and government reserves. [4]
Conures are a diverse, loosely defined group of small to medium-sized parrots. They belong to several genera within a long-tailed group of the New World parrot subfamily Arinae. The term "conure" is used primarily in bird keeping, though it has appeared in some scientific journals. The American Ornithologists' Union uses the generic term parakeet for all species elsewhere called conure, though Joseph Forshaw, a prominent Australian ornithologist, uses conure.
Parrotlets are a group of the smallest New World parrot species, comprising several genera, namely Forpus, Nannopsittaca, and Touit. They have stocky builds and short tails and are endemic to Middle and South America. They resemble the lovebirds of Africa in size, body shape and behaviour and have sometimes been referred to as "South American lovebirds", but are not closely related.
The red-and-green macaw, also known as the green-winged macaw, is a large, mostly-red macaw of the genus Ara.
The green-rumped parrotlet is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae that is found in northeastern South America and the Caribbean island of Trinidad. The green-rumped parrotlet occurs from northern Venezuela eastwards to the lower Amazon in Brazil, but has been introduced to Curaçao, Jamaica and Barbados. It prefers semi-open lowland areas and is also sometimes present in city parks. There are five subspecies.
The lilac-crowned amazon is a parrot endemic to the Pacific slopes of Mexico. Also known as Finsch's amazon, it is characterised by green plumage, a maroon forehead, and a violet-blue crown and neck.
The eastern ground parrot of Australia is one of only five ground-dwelling parrots in the world, the others being its closest relatives, the western ground parrot, the extremely rare night parrot, the somewhat closely related Antipodes parakeet, and the unrelated highly endangered kakapo from New Zealand.
The blue-fronted parrotlet is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela.
The red-fronted parrotlet is a Near Threatened species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.
The brown-backed parrotlet also known as the black-backed parrotlet, the black-eared parrotlet, and Wied's parrotlet, is a small green parrot found in south-eastern Brazil from Bahia to southern São Paulo. It has a dark brown mantle and back, brown ear coverts, and red outer tail with back tips. They frequent humid forest from 500–1,000 m (1,600–3,300 ft), and are mostly found in small flocks of 3–20 birds.
The Hispaniolan amazon, also known as the Dominican parrot or cuca, it’s one of two endemic parrots to Hispaniola along with the Hispaniolan parakeet. It’s white forehead, pale beak, white eye ring, blue ear patch, and red belly are the key characteristics that set it apart from other amazons.
Forpus is a genus of neotropical parrots in the family Psittacidae. It is the only genus in the Forpini tribe of the subfamily Arinae.
The yellow-faced parrotlet is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae.
The golden-mantled racket-tail is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae. It is endemic to Indonesia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest up to an altitude of about 3,000 metres (9,800 ft).
The lilac-tailed parrotlet is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad, and Venezuela.
The scarlet-shouldered parrotlet, also known as the red-winged parrotlet or Huet's parrotlet, is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela, possibly in Suriname, and as a vagrant to Trinidad and Tobago.
The sapphire-rumped parrotlet is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The golden-spangled piculet is a species of bird in subfamily Picumninae of the woodpecker family Picidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The white-tipped quetzal is a species of bird in the family Trogonidae found in Venezuela, Colombia, and Guyana. Two subspecies have been described. Pharomachrus fulgidus fulgidus is found in the mountains of northern Venezuela and Pharomachrus fulgidus festatus ranges through the Santa Marta mountains of northeast Colombia. Quetzals are iridescent and colourful birds found in forests, woodlands and humid highlands. The white-tipped quetzal has been a limited subject of research. Pharomachrus nests have been studied to analyse the effects of rainfall on breeding, however conclusions are based on single observations. On the IUCN Red list of threatened species, the white-tipped quetzal is listed as a species of least concern.
The Serra das Lontras National Park (Portuguese: Parque Nacional da Serra das Lontras is a national park in the state of Bahia, Brazil. It protects a rugged area of Atlantic Rainforest with a wide range of bird species, including several that are threatened with extinction.
The riparian parrotlet or large-billed parrotlet is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae.
