| Gosaukammerella | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Clade: | Lophophorata |
| Phylum: | Brachiopoda |
| Class: | † Strophomenata |
| Order: | † Productida (?) |
| Genus: | † Gosaukammerella |
Gosaukammerella is a genus of strophomenid brachiopods, with one species Gosaukammerella eomesozoica. It was originally thought to be a problematic calcareous alga, and described under the name Pycnoporidium eomesozoicum. [1]
Christiania may refer to:
The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era. The Ordovician spans 41.6 million years from the end of the Cambrian Period 485.4 million years ago (Mya) to the start of the Silurian Period 443.8 Mya.
Tentaculites is an extinct genus of conical fossils of uncertain affinity, class Tentaculita, although it is not the only member of the class. It is known from Lower Ordovician to Upper Devonian deposits both as calcitic shells with a brachiopod-like microstructure and carbonaceous 'linings'. The "tentaculites" are also referred to as the styliolinids.
Although the phylogenetic classification of non-vertebrate animals remains a work-in-progress, the following taxonomy attempts to be useful by combining both traditional (old) and new (21st-century) paleozoological terminology.
Strophomenida is a large, extinct order of articulate brachiopods in the extinct class Strophomenata that existed from the lower Ordovician to the lower Jurassic period. It was the largest known order of brachiopods, encompassing over 400 genera, including the largest and heaviest of known brachiopod shells. The strophomenids lost the ability to attach by the stalk in adult specimens, so they either lay free, attached the ventral valve at the umbo to a firm substrate, or balanced with their spines sunken into a soft substrate. Typically the dorsal valve was either concave or flat, though occasionally it was convex; the ventral valve was convex. Typically, a member of this order was wider than it was long. In juveniles, there was a tiny hole at the animal's umbo for a stalk to emerge from. Tiny bumps cover the interior of the valves.
Brachiopods, phylum Brachiopoda, are a group of lophotrochozoan animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve molluscs. Brachiopod valves are hinged at the rear end, while the front can be opened for feeding or closed for protection. Two major groups are recognized, articulate and inarticulate. The word "articulate" is used to describe the tooth-and-groove features of the valve-hinge which is present in the articulate group, and absent from the inarticulate group. This is the leading diagnostic feature (fossilizable), by which the two main groups can be readily distinguished. Articulate brachiopods have toothed hinges and simple opening and closing muscles, while inarticulate brachiopods have untoothed hinges and a more complex system of muscles used to keep the two valves aligned. In a typical brachiopod a stalk-like pedicle projects from an opening in one of the valves near the hinges, known as the pedicle valve, keeping the animal anchored to the seabed but clear of silt that would obstruct the opening.
Tumulduria is a Cambrian small shelly fossil. It is phosphatic, and approximately bilaterally symmetrical. It was first described by Missazhevskii from the Tommotian Stage of the Aldan River. It represents part of a pateriniid brachiopod.
The origin of the brachiopods is uncertain; they either arose from reduction of a multi-plated tubular organism, or from the folding of a slug-like organism with a protective shell on either end. Since their Cambrian origin, the phylum rose to a Palaeozoic dominance, but dwindled during the Mesozoic.
The Kirengellids are a group of problematic Cambrian fossil shells of marine organisms. The shells bear a number of paired muscle scars on the inner surface of the valve.
Rhynchonelliformea is the name now given to the articulate brachiopods, Class Articulata, revised as a subphylum. Articulate brachiopods are those with hard, articulated shells with a simple set of opening and closing muscles.
Mobergella is a millimetric Lower Cambrian shelly fossil of unknown affinity, usually preserved in phosphate and particularly well known from Swedish strata, where it is diagnostic of lowermost Cambrian rocks. Originally interpreted as a monoplacophoran, the circular, cap-shaped shell resembles a hyolith operculum, with concentric rings on its upper surface, and seven pairs of internal muscle scars. It is never found in association with a conch, and its affinity therefore remains undetermined. Nevertheless, its heavy musculature does seem to indicate that it functioned as an operculum.
Pycnoporidium is thought to be a genus of red or green alga; one species has been synonymized with the brachiopod Gosaukammerella, leaving the interpretation of the other species uncertain.
Longtancunella is a genus of problematic brachiopod from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte. Its pedicle, which resembles the modern Chileates', is often preserved; the organisms often live in clusters of around a dozen attached to the same basal object.
Mickwitziids are a Cambrian group of shelly fossils with originally phosphatic valves, belonging to the Brachiopod stem group, and exemplified by the genus Mickwitzia – the other genera are Heliomedusa and Setatella. The family Mickwitziidae is conceivably paraphyletic with respect to certain crown-group brachiopods.
Paleontology in Wisconsin refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The state has fossils from the Precambrian, much of the Paleozoic, and the later part of the Cenozoic. Most of the Paleozoic rocks are marine in origin. Because of the thick blanket of Pleistocene glacial sediment that covers the rock strata in most of the state, Wisconsin’s fossil record is relatively sparse. In spite of this, certain Wisconsin paleontological occurrences provide exceptional insights concerning the history and diversity of life on Earth.
Diplopora oregonensis is a species of algae in the genus Diplopora in the family Diploporaceae. It is a unique species of marine dasycladacean algae from the Triassic period. It was discovered by George Stanley of the University of Montana, with findings published in the 1980s. It was obtained from sands and shales of the Wallowa volcanic archipelago, more specifically the Hurwal Formation in eastern Oregon. The strata of this formation developed from geologic processing of limestone deposits. The deposits were produced along the floors of lagoons of an ancient shallow ocean.
Diplopora is a genus of marine dasycladacean algae in the family Diploporaceae.
Angarella is an early palaeozoic genus of problematic fossils, long held to belong to the molluscs based on supposed similarities in its musculature to that of hyoliths and mobergellids, but now considered to represent a brachiopod based on its calcitic mineralogy and paired symmetrical valves.
Craniopsidae is an extinct family of brachiopods in the order Craniopsida with species known from the Cambrian to the Carboniferous.
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