| Grahamia | |
|---|---|
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| Grahamia bracteata | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Anacampserotaceae |
| Genus: | Grahamia Gillies, 1833 ex Hook. & Arn. |
| Species [1] | |
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| Synonyms [2] | |
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Grahamia is a genus of succulent plants in the family Anacampserotaceae which contains six species which show a disjunct distribution, three species being found in northern Argentina, two in Mexico and one in Australia.
Three species Grahamia bracteata , Grahamia kurtzii and Grahamia vulcanensis are found in northern Argentina, while Grahamia coahuilensis occurs in central Mexico and Grahamia frutescens is found in northern Mexico. Grahamia australiana is endemic to Australia. The genus Grahamia is divided into two subgenera, subgenus Grahamia contains G. bracteata and G, fructesecens which are low, scrambling small shrubs with stiff branches and cylindrical, rather smooth leaves; while Grahamia subgenus Talinaria are succulent, long-lived herbs with distinct succulent leaves on weak fleshy branches with the leaves aggregated near the branch tips. [3] G. australiana was previously considered to be a member of the genus Anacampseros and the remaining species were placed in four monotypic genera, except for G. vulcanensis which was not considered. It is now thought that all six species are best considered in a single genus as proposed by G. D. Rowley. [3] Other authorities, however, placed G. vulcanensis in Anacampseros. [2]
The species of Grahamia vary from partially deciduous small shrubs with succulent leaves to perennial succulent herbs, but they all have a single tuberous tap root. The leaves are glabrous, except for the axils, and may be flat or cylindrical in shape. The inflorescences are grouped in 3-6 scapes or in loose terminal cymes. [2]
The genus was described by John Miers and later by John Gillies after their excursions to mountains of San Luis and Mendoza in western Argentina. [4] The generic name Grahamia probably honours the Chile-based Scottish traveler and plant collector Maria Graham; [5] [4] some sources assign it to Scottish botanist Robert Graham (1786–1845), [2] who was Maria's brother-in-law and associate. [6]
Euphorbia is a very large and diverse genus of flowering plants, commonly called spurge, in the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae). "Euphorbia" is sometimes used in ordinary English to collectively refer to all members of Euphorbiaceae, not just to members of the genus. Some euphorbias are commercially widely available, such as poinsettias at Christmas. Some are commonly cultivated as ornamentals, or collected and highly valued for the aesthetic appearance of their unique floral structures, such as the crown of thorns plant. Euphorbias from the deserts of Southern Africa and Madagascar have evolved physical characteristics and forms similar to cacti of North and South America, so they are often incorrectly referred to as cacti. Some are used as ornamentals in landscaping, because of beautiful or striking overall forms, and drought and heat tolerance.
The Crassulaceae, also known as the stonecrop family or the orpine family, are a diverse family of dicotyledon flowering plants characterized by succulent leaves and a unique form of photosynthesis, known as Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Flowers generally have five floral parts. Crassulaceae are usually herbaceous but there are some subshrubs, and relatively few treelike or aquatic plants. Crassulaceae are a medium size monophyletic family in the core eudicots, among the order Saxifragales, whose diversity has made infrafamilial classification very difficult. The family includes approximately 1,400 species and 34–35 genera, depending on the circumscription of the genus Sedum, and distributed over three subfamilies. Members of the Crassulaceae are found worldwide, but mostly in the Northern Hemisphere and southern Africa, typically in dry and/or cold areas where water may be scarce. although a few are aquatic.
Lythraceae is a family of flowering plants, including 32 genera with about 620 species of herbs, shrubs and trees. The larger genera include Cuphea, Lagerstroemia (56), Nesaea (50), Rotala (45), and Lythrum (35). It also includes the pomegranate and the water caltrop. Lythraceae has a worldwide distribution, with most species in the tropics, but ranging into temperate climate regions as well.
Gunnera is the sole genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Gunneraceae, which contains 63 species. Some species have extremely large leaves. Species in the genus are variously native to Latin America, Australia, New Zealand, Papuasia, Hawaii, insular Southeast Asia, Africa, and Madagascar. The stalks of many species are edible.
Nothofagus, also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of 43 species of trees and shrubs native to the Southern Hemisphere in southern South America and Australasia. The species are ecological dominants in many temperate forests in these regions. Some species are reportedly naturalised in Germany and Great Britain. The genus has a rich fossil record of leaves, cupules, and pollen, with fossils extending into the late Cretaceous period and occurring in Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica, and South America. In the past, they were included in the family Fagaceae, but genetic tests revealed them to be genetically distinct, and they are now included in their own family, the Nothofagaceae.
Sedum is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Crassulaceae, members of which are commonly known as stonecrops. The genus has been described as containing up to 600 species, subsequently reduced to 400–500. They are leaf succulents found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere, but extending into the southern hemisphere in Africa and South America. The plants vary from annual and creeping herbs to shrubs. The plants have water-storing leaves. The flowers usually have five petals, seldom four or six. There are typically twice as many stamens as petals. Various species formerly classified as Sedum are now in the segregate genera Hylotelephium and Rhodiola.
Podocarpus is a genus of conifers, the most numerous and widely distributed of the podocarp family, Podocarpaceae. Podocarpus are evergreen shrubs or trees, usually from 1 to 25 metres tall, known to reach 40 metres (130 ft) at times. The cones have two to five fused cone scales which form a fleshy, berry-like, brightly coloured receptacle at maturity. The fleshy cones attract birds which then eat the cones and disperse the seeds in their droppings. There are approximately 97 to 107 species in the genus depending on the circumscription of the species.
Borago, or borage, is a genus of five species of herbs native to the Mediterranean, with one species, Borago officinalis cultivated and naturalized throughout the world.
Griselinia is a genus of seven species of shrubs and trees, with a highly disjunct distribution native to New Zealand and South America. It is a classic example of the Antarctic flora. It is the sole genus in the family Griseliniaceae; in the past it was often placed in Cornaceae but differs from that in many features.
Baccharis is a genus of perennials and shrubs in the aster family (Asteraceae). They are commonly known as baccharises but sometimes referred to as "brooms", because many members have small thin leaves resembling the true brooms. They are not at all related to these however, but belong to an entirely different lineage of eudicots. B. halimifolia is commonly known as "groundsel bush", however true groundsels are found in the genus Senecio.
Pandanaceae is a family of flowering plants native to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World, from West Africa through the Pacific. It contains 982 known species in five genera, of which the type genus, Pandanus, is the most important, with species like Pandanus amaryllifolius and karuka being important sources of food. It is an ancient family dating from the early to mid-Cretaceous.
Lampranthus is a genus of succulent plants in the family Aizoaceae, indigenous to southern Africa.
Rhodophiala is a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family. It consists of about 30 South American species distributed in southern Brazil, Argentina, and, specially, in Chile.
AnacampserosL. is a genus comprising about a hundred species of small perennial succulent plants native to Southern Africa. The botanical name Anacampseros is an ancient one for herbs supposed to restore lost love.
Pyrolirion, commonly known as fire lilies or flame lilies, is a small genus of herbaceous, bulb-forming South American plants in the Amaryllis family, native to Chile, Peru, and Bolivia.
Grahamia australiana is a species of plant from the family Anacampserotaceae which is endemic to Australia, it is often better known as Anacampseros australiana but the genus Anacampseros is now thought to be restricted to Africa.
Anacampseros lanceolata is a species of succulent plant native to the western Karoo and Overberg regions of South Africa.
Anacampseros retusa is a species of succulent plant native to the Northern Cape and Western Cape Provinces of South Africa, as well as to Namibia.
Anacampseros telephiastrum is a species of succulent plant native to the southern Karoo region of the Western Cape and Eastern Cape Provinces of South Africa, from Robertson in the west, to Somerset East in the east.
Petunioideae is a subfamily of the flowering plant family Solanaceae, the nightshades. It contains thirteen genera, as follows :
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