| Graphis suzanae | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Graphidales |
| Family: | Graphidaceae |
| Genus: | Graphis |
| Species: | G. suzanae |
| Binomial name | |
| Graphis suzanae Koch & S.C.Feuerst. (2016) | |
Graphis suzanae is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. [1] Described as new to science in 2016, it is found in southern Brazil. [2]
Graphis suzanae was first formally described described by Natália Koch and Shirley Feuerstein in 2016. The species was named in honour of Dr. Suzana de Azevedo Martins, a professor known for her contributions to the understanding of Brazilian lichens and her promotion of numerous lichen studies in the southern part of the country. The type specimen of this lichen species was found in the Forqueta locality in Maquiné (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), at an elevation of 308 m (1,010 ft). [2]
A crustose lichen, Graphis suzanae is characterised by its smooth to irregular surface, appearing in a greyish-white hue, often devoid of soredia and isidia. Its elongated lirellae , ranging from 0.4–1.9 mm long and 0.1–0.2 mm wide, often reveal a partially exposed disc with an orange pigment. Distinguishing features of the species include an excipulum that is laterally carbonized , a clear hymenium, and ascospores that are hyaline, transversely septate, and typically measure 40–44 by 8–10 μm. [2]
Despite similar traits shared with species like Graphis hodgesiana , G. tamiamiensis , and G. inversa , such as the laterally carbonized excipulum and clear hymenium, Graphis suzanae sets itself apart with distinct ascospores and its absence of norstictic acid, a common lichen substance. Furthermore, while it shares characteristics with Graphis immersella and G. pinicola , these species are distinguished by the presence or absence of certain compounds and morphological features. [2]
At the time of its original publication, Graphis suzanae had only been recorded in two locations, Maquiné and Caraá, situated within the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. In these places it occurs on tree bark within early successional stages of the Atlantic Forest, a region known for its subtropical humid climate. [2]
Acanthotrema is a genus of lichens in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by German lichenologist Andreas Frisch in 2006, with Acanthotrema brasilianum assigned as the type species. Acanthotrema species are commonly found in rainforests ranging from lowland to montane environments.
Diorygma microsporum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It was described as new to science in 2011. It has a neotropical distribution, and has been collected in Florida, Colombia, Brazil, and India. Notable for its small ascospores, this lichen thrives in undisturbed rainforests and serves as an indicator of forest health.
Ampliotrema cocosense is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Cocos Island, Costa Rica, it was described as new to science in 2011. Its distinctive features include its large, muriform ascospores and a notable chemical composition.
Anomomorpha tuberculata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in rare cerrado vegetation in southern Costa Rica, it was described as new to science in 2011. It is characterised by its conspicuous tubercles on the thallus and sessile lirellae.
Graphis crebra is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It has a pantropical distribution. Like other script lichens, it grows on bark and resembles calligraphy. It can be distinguished from several other similar species by the white pruina (powder) on its apothecial discs.
Allographa aptrootiana is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae that is found in tropical Africa. It was formally described as a new species in 2014 by Dries Van den Broeck, Robert Lücking, and Damien Ertz. The type locality is Yaengo (Orientale Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo; here it was found growing on the bark of an unidentified tree species in an evergreen forest. The lichen somewhat resembles Graphis tetralocularis in overall morphology, but unlike that species it has a completely carbonized excipulum, and does not produce the secondary compound atranorin. The holotype specimen is parasitised with Etayoa trypethelii, a widespread tropical lichenicolous fungus. The specific epithet aptrootiana honours André Aptroot, "in recognition of his many contributions to tropical lichenology". The taxon was transferred to Allographa in 2018 following a reinstatement and reorganization of that genus.
Acanthothecis latispora is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by Shirley Cunha Feuerstein and André da Silveira. The type specimen was collected by the first author from Turvo State Park. Here the lichen was growing on branches in open areas of the Atlantic Forest. It has a whitish to greenish thallus with a black prothallus. Its asci contain a single ascospore; the spores are densely muriform and measure 82–100 by 27–35 μm. The specific epithet refers to the wide spores. Acanthothecis latispora contains norstictic and stictic acids; these are lichen products that are detectable using thin-layer chromatography.
Acanthothecis roseola is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by Shirley Cunha Feuerstein. The type specimen was collected from the Parque Estadual do Papagaio Charão. The lichen has a whitish to greenish, cracked thallus with a black prothallus. Crystals of calcium oxalate are abundant below the algal layer and the hamathecium. The lichen contains norstictic acid, stictic acid, and subnorstictic acid, which are lichen products that can be detected using thin-layer chromatography. The specific epithet roseola refers to the pinkish-coloured margins of the ascomata.
Cruentotrema is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has seven species.
Diorygma incantatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in northern and southern Brazil.
Diorygma pauciseptatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as new to science in 2014 as a collaborative effort by several lichenologists: Shirley Feuerstein, Iane Cunha, André Aptroot, and Marcela Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the first author from Fazenda São Paulo, where it was found growing on tree bark. The lichen has an opaque, irregular, yellowish-green thallus that lacks soredia and isidia. It is characterised from other Diorygma species by its ascospores, which measure 28–32 by 7 μm and have from 7 to 9 transverse septa; this species has ascospores with the fewest septa in the genus. Additionally, this species contains norstictic and connorstictic acids, which are lichen products that can be detected using thin-layer chromatography.
Graphis lueckingii is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in southern Brazil, it was fornally described as a new species in 2010 by Manuela Dal-Forno and Sionara Eliasaro. The type specimen was collected by the first author in the Pontal do Paraná, where it was found growing on bark in a forest restinga. The species epithet honours lichenologist Robert Lücking.
Cryptoschizotrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has two species. The genus was circumscribed in 2019 by lichenologists André Aptroot, Robert Lücking, and Marcela Cáceres. The genus name alludes to the similarity in anatomy with Schizotrema species. This resemblance is due to the partially carbonized, concentrically layered, and fissured excipulum, which gives the impression that the Schizotrema-like excipulum is concealed beneath a protective layer. The type species was originally described by William Nylander in 1867, as a species of Thelotrema.
Gintarasia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has seven species, all of which are found in Australia. Gintarasia species are corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens with a thelotremoid form.
Cruentotrema amazonum is a little-known species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in Brazil, Thailand, and Vietnam, where it grows in the understory of primary rainforests.
Fissurina amyloidea is a little-known species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in the primary rainforests of Rondônia, Brazil. It is characterized by its weakly carbonizedlirellae and thick-walled, strongly amyloid ascospores. Despite its superficial similarity to Fissurina subfurfuracea, F. amyloidea exhibits unique anatomical features that set it apart from other species within the genus.
Allographa grandis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Cameroon, it is characterised its large ascomata and ascospores, and an inspersed hymenium.
Clandestinotrema portoricense is a rare species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Puerto Rico, it was described as a new species in 2014. It is characterised by its white, slightly shiny thallus that can span several centimetres in diameter, and its rounded ascomata that are immersed in the thallus. Unlike most of its genus counterparts, C. portoricense possesses septated (partitioned) spores and a carbonised (blackened) excipulum and columella, effectively distinguishing it from similar species.
Glyphis frischiana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is distinguished by its large ascospores, single-spored asci, and the presence of stictic acid as a major metabolite. Found on the trunk of Eucalyptus trees in Cameroon, it is similar in appearance to Glyphis atrofusca but can be distinguished by these key characteristics.
Graphis khaoyaiensis is a rare species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found only in a specific region in Thailand, it closely resembles Graphis dichotoma but can be distinguished by its smaller ascospores and the absence of radiately branched lirellae.