Graphium leonidas

Last updated

Veined swordtail
Graphium leonidas 294A3845.jpg
Graphium leonidas1.JPG
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Papilionidae
Genus: Graphium
Species:
G. leonidas
Binomial name
Graphium leonidas
(Fabricius, 1793) [1]
Subspecies

See text

Synonyms
  • Papilio leonidasFabricius, 1793
  • Papilio similisCramer, 1775
  • Papilio brasidasFelder & Felder, 1864
  • Papilio leonidas ab. interniplagaAurivillius, 1899
  • Papilio onidaleSuffert, 1904
  • Papilio similis umanusRothschild & Jordan, 1905
  • Papilio leonidas leonidas f. plagiferaLe Cerf, 1924
  • Papilio leonidas brasidas f. melusinaLe Cerf, 1924
  • Papilio leonidas f. petiveranoidesBryk, 1928
  • Papilio (Cosmodesmus) leonidas leonidas ab. obliterataDufrane, 1946
  • Papilio (Cosmodesmus) leonidas leonidas ab. subobliterataDufrane, 1946
  • Papilio (Cosmodesmus) leonidas leonidas ab. vreurickiDufrane, 1946
  • Papilio (Cosmodesmus) leonidas leonidas ab. mathieuiDufrane, 1946
  • Graphium leonidas leonidas ab. vrydaghiBerger, 1950
  • Graphium leonidas leonidas ab. leucosinaBerger, 1950
  • Graphium leonidas leonidas ab. djemaBerger, 1950
  • Graphium leonidas ab. cyrnoidesStorace, 1953
  • Papilio leonidas var. pelopidasOberthür, 1879
  • Graphium leonidas zanzibaricusKielland, 1990
  • Papilio leonidas santa-marthaeJoicey & Talbot, 1927
  • Papilio leonidas thomasiusLe Cerf, 1924

Graphium leonidas, the veined swordtail, veined swallowtail or common graphium, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae, found in Sub-Saharan Africa. [2]

Contents

Description

For terms see External morphology of Lepidoptera

recto (top) and verso of male FM-79 Graphium leonidas (3431858546).jpg
recto (top) and verso of male

The wingspan is 75–80 mm in males and 75–85 mm in females. Both wings beneath without distinct dark longitudinal streaks on the folds between the veins and without dark longitudinal streaks in the cell of the hindwing. Both wings with submarginal spots. The discal spot of cellule 1 b of the forewing never reaches the base of the cellule. Hindwing usually with free discal spots in cellules 2—5 and with a broad basal transverse band, which covers the greater part of the cell and the base of cellules 1 c, 2, 6 and 7. Forewing always with discal spots in cellules 1 b, 3, 7 and 8, and usually also with small ones in 2, 4, 5 and 6; the cell mostly with three spots. — leonidas F. (= similis Cr.) (7 d). All the spots light blue (male) or bluish white (female); forewing without discal spot in cellule 1 a; the submarginal spots of both wings large; the discal spot of cellule 4 of the forewing is proximally rounded and does not reach the base of the cellule. Sierra Leone, Delagoa Bay, British East Africa. In ab. (?) interniplaga Auriv. the forewing has a large discal onidale. spot in cellule 1 a, otherwise it is similar to the preceding form. German East Africa, ab. (?) onidale Suf. has the light basal part of the hindwing sprinkled with black scales, the veins in that part are margined with black and the spots in cellules 1 c and 2 are small or entirely wanting; otherwise similar to the form leonidas. German East Africa: Muanza. — brasidas Fldr. (7 d). Here the spots on the upper surface are small, white or yellowish white; the submarginal spots dot-like. No discal spot in cellule 1 a of the forewing. Angola to Natal. — umanus R. & J. differs from all the preceding in that the light basal transverse band of the hindwing only extends as far as the base of vein 2. Abyssinia. — pelopidas Oberth. The spots of the forewing light bluish, on an average somewhat larger than in leonidas, the discal spot in cellule 4 reaches the base of the cellule, the basal transverse band of the hindwing is very broad and almost pure white, but the submarginal spots are small, dot-like, not larger than the discal spots. A little known form as yet, perhaps a separate species, although it agrees very closely with leonidas in the markings. German East Africa and Pemba Island. [3]

Biology

Has continuous broods, peaking from October to April. [4] The larvae feed on Popowia caffra , Annona , Monanthotaxis , Uvaria , Monanthotaxis caffra , Annona senegalensis , Landolphia ugandensis , L. buchannani , Annickia chlorantha , Friesodielsia obovata , Uvaria and Artabotrys species. [2] [4]

Subspecies

Taxonomy

It is the nominal member of the leonidas-group of closely related and similar species (Graphium leonidas, Graphium levassori , Graphium cyrnus ).

Images

External images from Royal Museum of Central Africa.

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. ↑ Fabricius, , J.C. 1793. Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta 3 (1): 35 (488 pp.). Hafniae.
  2. 1 2 Graphium, funet.fi
  3. ↑ Aurivillius, [P.O.]C. 1908-1924. In: Seitz, A. Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde Band 13: Abt. 2, Die exotischen Großschmetterlinge, Die afrikanischen Tagfalter, 1925, 613 Seiten, 80 Tafeln (The Macrolepidoptera of the World 13).Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  4. 1 2 Woodhall, Steve (2005). Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik. ISBN   978-1-86872-724-7.
  5. ↑ Oberthür, C. 1879. Catalogue raissone des Papilionidae. Etudes d’Entomologie 4: 1-117.
  6. ↑ Joicey, J.J., & Talbot, G. 1927 New forms of Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Encyclopedie Entomologique (B.3 Lepidoptera) 2: 1-14.
  7. ↑ Le Cerf, F. 1924 Lepidopteres nouveaux de la collection du Museum (Rhopaloceres). Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle. Paris 30: 137-139.
  8. ↑ Kielland, J. 1990 in Kielland, J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne and London: 1-363.

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