| Graphium samogiticum | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Order: | Microascales |
| Family: | Microascaceae |
| Genus: | Graphium |
| Species: | G. samogiticum |
| Binomial name | |
| Graphium samogiticum Motiej. & Alstrup (2006) | |
Graphium samogiticum is a little-known species of lichenicolous (lichen-eating) fungus in the family Microascaceae. It is found in Lithuania, where it parasitises two lichen species that inhabit abandoned gravel pits.
The fungus was formally described as a new species in 2006 by Jurga Motiejūnaitė and Vagn Alstrup. The type specimen was collected in Žemaitija National Park (Plungė District); there, in an abandoned gravel pit in Žalnierkalnis, the fungus was found growing on the thallus of the crustose lichen Verrucaria bryoctona , which itself was growing on gravelly soil. The species epithet refers to the type locality: samogiticum is formed from the Latin name for Žemaitija ( Samogitia ). [1]
Graphium samogiticum is an anamorphic fungus, meaning that its sexual cycle has not been observed, or does not exist–only asexual and vegetative phases are known. The conidiophores made by the fungus are grouped together in black synnemata that are 80–120 μm high and 25 μm thick. The thick-walled conidia are a pale grey-brown colour with dimensions of 6.5–8 by 3–4 μm. A morphologically similar species is Graphium aphthosae , which grows on Peltigera lichens. [1]
Known hosts for the fungus are Sarcosagium campestre and Verrucaria bryoctona . [1] Of the twenty six known lichenicolous fungi that have a strict host preference on genus Verrucaria , Graphium samogiticum is the only anamorphic fungus. [2] Little is known about the ecology and distribution of Graphium samogiticum; the lichens it was parasitising are inhabitants of a little-studied habitat the authors call a "pioneer epigeal community". They suggest it may have a more widespread European distribution. [1]
Geltingia is a fungal genus in the family Helicogoniaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single lichenicolous species Geltingia associata. The genus was circumscribed in 1990 by mycologists Vagn Alstrup and David Leslie Hawksworth. The genus name honours Danish scientist Paul Gelting.
Endococcus is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) in the family Lichenotheliaceae. It has 44 species. The genus was circumscribed by the Finnish botanist William Nylander in 1855. Although at least one source places the genus in the Verrucariaceae, a 2016 study of the type species, Endococcus rugulosus, determined that it should instead be placed in the family Lichenotheliaceae of the order Dothideales; this classification echoes a placement proposed in 1979 by David Hawksworth.
Lecanora polytropa, commonly known as the granite-speck rim lichen, is a species of saxicolous lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. A small, inconspicuous species that grows in the cracks of rock surfaces, it has a cosmopolitan distribution and has been recorded on all continents, including Antarctica.
Stereocaulon alpinum is a species of fungus belonging to the family Stereocaulaceae. It is similar to Stereocaulon paschale but differs from it in containing cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc while S. paschale contains cyanobacteria of the genus Stigonema, which have a darker colour than Nostoc.
Lichenoconium pyxidatae is a species of lichenicolous fungus belonging to the class Dothideomycetes. It has a Holarctic distribution being found in Alaska and various parts of Russia, including Siberia, Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya and Wrangel Island.
Didymocyrtis trassii is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-eating) fungus in the family Phaeosphaeriaceae. It is found in southern Ukraine, where it parasitises the foliose lichen Cetraria aculeata growing on sand dunes.
Buelliella lecanorae is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-eating) fungus in the class Dothideomycetes. It is found in a few locations in Estonia and in Crimea, where it grows parasitically on members of the Lecanora subfusca species group.
Opegrapha verseghyklarae is a little-known species of lichenicolous (lichen-eating) fungus in the family Opegraphaceae. It is found in the Russian Far East, where it grows on the thalli and apothecia of the crustose lichen Ochrolechia pallescens.
Lichenopeltella coppinsii is a species of lichenicolous fungus belonging to the class Dothideomycetes. It was described in 1999. It is known to infect Verrucaria muralis and has been reported from the British Isles, Ukraine, and Moshchny Island in the Baltic sea.
Stereocaulon vesuvianum is a species of snow lichen belonging to the family Stereocaulaceae.
Stereocaulon glareosum is a species of snow lichen belonging to the family Stereocaulaceae.
Stereocaulon rivulorum is a species of snow lichen belonging to the family Stereocaulaceae.
Cercidospora stereocaulorum is a species of lichenicolous fungus in the genus Cercidospora but it has not been assigned to a family. It is known to parasitise lichens of the genus Stereocaulon.
Sphaerellothecium araneosum is a species of lichenicolous fungus in the family Phyllachoraceae.
Polycoccum laursenii is a species of lichenicolous fungus in the family Polycoccaceae. It was first described as a new species in 2004 by Russian mycologist Mikhail Petrovich Zhurbenko. It is found in Alaska and in Russia.
Halospora is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi in the family Verrucariaceae. Species in the genus parasitise calcicolous crustose lichens, i.e., those that prefer lime-rich substrates.
Arthonia stereocaulina is a species of lichenicolous fungus in the family Arthoniaceae.
Verrucaria muralis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling, crustose lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. It is a common species with an almost cosmopolitan distribution, occurring in an altitudinal range extending from the lowlands to the subalpine zone. It grows on calcareous rocks and walls. It was first formally described as a new species in 1803 by Swedish lichenologist Erik Acharius.
Scutula stereocaulorum is a species of lichenicolous fungus in the family Ramalinaceae.
Verrucaria viridula is a common and widely distributed species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. Although it is a somewhat morphologically variable species, two persistent distinguishing characteristics are its relatively large perithecia, which are often curved into a beak, and its large ascospores.