| Microascaceae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scopulariopsis brevicaulis | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Division: | |
| Class: | |
| Order: | |
| Family: | Microascaceae Luttr. ex Malloch (1970) |
| Type genus | |
| Microascus Zukal (1886) | |
The Microascaceae are a family of fungi in the class Sordariomycetes, subclass Hypocreomycetidae. [1] The family was published by David Malloch in 1970, an emended description based on Everet Stanley Luttrell's original 1951 publication. [2] Family was updated in 2020. [3]
It was introduced by Luttrell (1951) to accommodate genus Microascus which was originally placed in family Ophiostomataceae (Nannfeldt 1932, [4] ) or Eurotiaceae in Eunotiales order, (Moreau and Moreau 1953; [5] Emmons and Dodge 1931; [6] Doguet 1957). [7] Then Malloch (1970) validated the family and accepted genera, Kernia, Lophotrichus and Petriellidium in the family. [2] Sandoval-Denis et al. (2016a, [8] b, [9] ) revised Microascaceae and proposed several new taxa and combinations under Microascaceae based on multi-locus phylogenetic analysis. The last treatment of Microascaceae was provided by Hyde et al. (2020), [10] and 23 genera were accepted. Species in this family have a worldwide distribution and most species are saprobes in soil, dung or on decaying plant materials (Seifert et al. 2011; [11] de Beer et al. 2013; [12] Sandoval-Denis et al. 2016 a, [8] b; [9] Hyde et al. 2020a), [10] while a few species are opportunistic pathogens of humans (de Hoog et al. 2011; [13] Sandoval-Denis et al. 2013, [14] 2016; [8] Lackner et al. 2014). [15]
Microascaceae species have spherical to irregularly shaped, darkly colored fruit bodies. They are usually hairy and rarely smooth. The smooth spores are reddish brown to copper colored, one-celled, and have a germ pore at one or both ends. Asci can occur singly or in chains. [2]
As accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020 (with number of species); [3]
Eurotiomycetes is a large class of ascomycetes with cleistothecial ascocarps within the subphylum Pezizomycotina, currently containing around 3810 species according to the Catalogue of Life. It is the third largest lichenized class, with more than 1200 lichen species that are mostly bitunicate in the formation of asci. It contains most of the fungi previously known morphologically as "Plectomycetes".
The Eurotiales are an order of sac fungi, also known as the green and blue molds. It was circumscribed in 1980.
The Hypocreales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes. In 2008, it was estimated that it contained some 237 genera, and 2647 species in seven families. Since then, a considerable number of further taxa have been identified, including an additional family, the Stachybotryaceae. Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added more families and genera to the order. According to the Catalog of Life, As of April 2021 the Hypocreales contains 6 families, 137 genera, and 1411 species. Hyde et al. (2020a) listed 14 families under Hypocreales, while, Wijayawardene et al. (2022) accepted 15 families in the order, where Cylindriaceae was additionally added. Earlier, Hyde et al. (2020a) had placed Cylindriaceae in class Xylariomycetidae. Samarakoon et al. (2022) agreed. Hence, Cylindriaceae should have been excluded from Hypocreales and placed in Xylariomycetidae. Xiao et al. (2022) recently introduced a new family Polycephalomycetaceae to Hypocreales.
The Hypocreaceae are a family within the class Sordariomycetes. Species of Hypocreaceae are usually recognized by their brightly colored, perithecial ascomata, typically yellow, orange or red. The family was proposed by Giuseppe De Notaris in 1844. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi, the family has 22 genera and 454 species. In 2020, it was re-analysed and determined to have only 17 genera and about 658 species.
Chrysosporium is a genus of hyaline hyphomycetes fungi in the family Onygenaceae.
The Coryneliales are an order of ascomycetous fungi within the monotypic subclass Coryneliomycetidae in the class Eurotiomycetes and within the subdivision Pezizomycotina. Species in this order are found almost exclusively in the tropics, primarily as a pathogen on the gymnosperm Podocarpus, although it has been found on other plants like the Southern Hemisphere beech Nothofagus, and Drimys.
The Microascales are an order of fungi in the class Sordariomycetes, subclass Hypocreomycetidae. This is a relatively small order of mostly saprobic fungi that live in soil, rotting vegetation and dung. Some species are plant pathogens, such as Ceratocystis fimbriata, transmitted by beetles to living trees and causing cacao wilt and many other economically important diseases. Species in the genus Pseudallescheria are pathogenic to humans The order was circumscribed in 1980. Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added more families and genera to the order.
Microascus is a genus of fungi in the family Microascaceae.
The Coniochaetales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes. This order was monotypic and contained a single family, the Coniochaetaceae, historically placed in the order Sordariales. However, this taxonomic placement has been challenged by other authorities, and the Coniochaetales was proposed to include the family Coniochaetaceae. In 2020, family Cordanaceae was added to the order.
The Bionectriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Hypocreales. A 2008 estimate places 35 genera and 281 species in the family. Species in the family tend to grow on plant material, including woody debris, while some species associate with algae, bryophytes, or other fungi.
The Onygenaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota, class Eurotiomycetes.
Arachnomyces is a genus of cleistothecial ascomycete fungi described in 1902, of which the anamorph (asexual) stage is the genus Onychocola. Although morphologically similar to members of other families, the fungus now belongs to its own monotypic family Arachnomycetaceae, which is the only family in the monotypic order Arachnomycetales.
The Ceratostomataceae are a family of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes, subclass Hypocreomycetidae and order Coronophorales.
Teratosphaeriaceae is a family of fungi in the order Mycosphaerellales.
Cordana is an ascomycete fungus genus. In 2020, it was placed within the monotypic family of Cordanaceae, and within the order Coniochaetales.
The Coniochaeta are a genus of pleomorphic yeasts of the order Coniochaetales and are pathogens of trees. Some species have also been found to form endophytic associations within plants in which they live inside plant tissues but do not actually harm the organism. They can take the form of pink to brown colonies, hyphae, conidiophores or sclerotia. In 2013, the Lecythophora were merged with the Coniochaeta, following suggestions by Ziauddin Khan et al.
Cladophialophora is a genus of fungi in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. It has 35 species. The genus contains black yeast-like fungi, some of which are species of important medical significance. Cladophialophora bantiana causes the rare brain disease cerebral phaeohyphomycosis. Cladophialophora carrionii is a common cause of chromoblastomycosis in semi-arid climates. Some of the species are endophytes–associating with plants. For example, Cladophialophora yegresii is a cactus endophyte, which is sometimes introduced into humans via cactus spines.
Rhinocladiella is a genus of fungi in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. It has 17 species. The genus was circumscribed by Swedish botanist John Axel Nannfeldt in 1934 with R. atrovirens as the type species.
Pararamichloridium is a genus of fungi in the monotypic family Pararamichloridiaceae and within the monotypic order of Pararamichloridiales and also in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae. They are saprobic on wood in terrestrial and freshwater habitats.
Neocamarosporium is a genus of ascomycete fungi, as accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020. The species are typically halotolerant, being commonly found in saline environments like in saline water, hypersaline soils and especially in association with halophytes.
Media related to Microascaceae at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Microascaceae at Wikispecies