Greece and Indonesia established diplomatic relations on 23 February 1958[1]. The two nations have enjoyed good relations ever since. Greece has an embassy in Jakarta, while Indonesia has an embassy in Athens. Greece and Indonesia share some similarities; both are democracies, archipelagic nations, as well as possessing notable archaeological sites. Therefore, cooperations in politics, maritime transportation and shipping, culture and tourism have potential to be explored.[2]
The ancient Greek writer Ptolemy, described many places including places in Indonesia like the Barousai (Ancient Greek: Βαροῦσαι) and Yabadiou or Sabadiou (Ancient Greek: Ιαβαδίου or Σαβαδίου), which researchers identify respectively as Barus in Northern Sumatra[3] and Java.[4][5]
The diplomatic relations between Greece and Indonesia was established in 1960, however it was not until the 1990s that both nations finally established resident ambassadors and embassies in each respective countries. The embassy of Indonesia in Athens was opened since 1994,[6] while the embassy of Greece in Jakarta was opened in 1997.[7] A few dozen Greeks reside in Indonesia, mostly in Jakarta and Bali, with most of them being freelance professionals.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Greece donated more than 700,000 vaccines to Indonesia.[8]
Cooperations
Greek and Indonesian governments signed numbers of cooperations and agreements, such as air service agreement.[9][10] Both nations also has agreed to establish cooperations in maritime and tourism sectors, which includes shipping merchant and cruise tourism.[11]
Since independence, Indonesian foreign relations have adhered to a "free and active" foreign policy, seeking to play a role in regional affairs commensurate with its size and location but avoiding involvement in conflicts among major powers. During the Presidency of Sukarno, Indonesia's Foreign Relations were marked by engagement with other newly independent nations in Asia and Africa, as exemplified by the Bandung Conference, the subsequent foundation of the Non-Aligned Movement and a confrontational attitude towards Western powers, justified by a belief in the CONEFO and opposition to what Sukarno termed as NEKOLIM.
Indonesia–Russia relations are the bilateral relations between Indonesia and Russia. Indonesia and the Soviet Union established diplomatic relations in 1950. Russia has an embassy in Jakarta, and Indonesia has an embassy in Moscow along with a consulate general in Saint Petersburg. Both countries are members of the APEC and G-20.
Indonesia and Romania established diplomatic relations in 1950. Indonesia and Romania have agreed to enhance cooperation in the trade sector. The nations are expecting the other to be the gate to enter each regional market: Indonesia as the gate to enter the ASEAN market and Romania as the gate to enter the European Union's. Indonesia has an embassy in Bucharest and Romania has an embassy in Jakarta.
Greece–Kyrgyzstan relations are foreign relations between Greece and Kyrgyzstan. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1992. Greece is represented in Kyrgyzstan through its embassy in Almaty (Kazakhstan). Kyrgyzstan is represented in Greece through a non resident ambassador based in Bishkek. Kyrgyz consular representation in Greece is made by the Kazakh consulate in Athens. What is now Kyrgyzstan was settled by Scythians and was conquered by Alexander the Great.
Indonesia and Thailand have officially established diplomatic ties on 7 March 1950. The two countries have since enjoyed a cordial bilateral relationship. Both countries have established embassies in each capitals, Indonesia has their embassy in Bangkok and consulate in Songkhla, while Thailand has their embassy in Jakarta. High rank stately visits has been conducted for years. Both nations are the founders of ASEAN and the members of Non-Aligned Movement and APEC. Indonesia and Thailand are viewed as natural allies. Indonesia is also appointed as observer in Cambodian–Thai border dispute.
France and Indonesia established diplomatic relations in 1951. The indirect relationship between France and Indonesia commenced during the early 19th century colonial Dutch East Indies. Since 2011 France and Indonesia have formed a strategic partnership.
Indonesia and Sri Lanka established diplomatic relations in 1952. Both nations share some cultural similarities. Indonesia and Sri Lanka are members of the World Trade Organization. They are founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement. Indonesia has an embassy in Colombo, while Sri Lanka has an embassy in Jakarta.
Indonesia and Iraq established diplomatic relations in 1950. Diplomatic relations are important since they share similarity as Muslim majority countries. Indonesia is the most populous Muslim country in the world, while Iraq also a Muslim majority nation. Diplomatic relations were established in 1950. Indonesia has an embassy in Baghdad, while Iraq has an embassy in Jakarta. Both nations are members of the Non-Aligned Movement and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).
Indonesia and Kenya established diplomatic relations in 1979. Indonesia has an embassy in Nairobi, also accredited to Mauritius, Seychelles, and Uganda, and in 2022 Kenya established its embassy in Jakarta. Both nations are partners in multilateral organizations, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) and Non-Aligned Movement.
Indonesia and Morocco established diplomatic relations in 1960. Both are the Muslim-majority countries; Indonesia is the most populous Muslim country in the world, while Morocco is also a Muslim majority nation. Morocco praised Indonesia as a strong democratic nation, and pointed out that both nations face the same challenges of separatism and terrorism. Diplomatic relations were established in 1960. Indonesia has an embassy in Rabat and a consulate in Casablanca, while Morocco has an embassy in Jakarta. Both nations are members of the World Trade Organization (WTO), Non-Aligned Movement and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).
Indonesia and Venezuela established diplomatic relations in 1959. Since then, both countries enjoy friendly ties. Both nations agreed to expand the trade and investment relations, especially in tourism, technology, chemicals and natural gas sectors. Indonesia has an embassy in Caracas, while Venezuela has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia and Venezuela are members of multilateral organizations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), Non-Aligned Movement and Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation.
Indonesia and Tunisia established diplomatic relations in 1960. In early 2010s, relations are particularly important following the Arab Spring, as Tunisia seeks Indonesia as an example of democracy in a Muslim-majority country, while Indonesia has expressed its willingness to support the democratic transition in Tunisia through a capacity for building and a partnership in democracy. Indonesia has described Tunisia as a shining example of a democratic transition in the Arab World. The diplomatic relations dated back to the 1950s when Indonesia supports Tunisian independence from France. Indonesia has an embassy in Tunis, while Tunisia has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries are members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Non-Aligned Movement.
Czech Republic and Indonesia established diplomatic relations in 1950. Both nations has agreed to forge ties to deepen relations, especially in business and trade sector. Indonesia has an embassy in Prague, while Czech Republic has an embassy in Jakarta that also accredited to Brunei, Timor Leste, Singapore and ASEAN, and honorary consulates in Bali, Makassar and Surabaya.
Ethiopia and Indonesia established diplomatic relations in 1961, followed by the opening of Indonesian embassy in Addis Ababa in 1964. Indonesia have an embassy in Addis Ababa that also accredited to Somalia and Djibouti, while Ethiopia has established a new embassy in Jakarta in the second half 2016. H.E. Arega Hailu Teffera, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has presented his credential to H.E. President Joko Widodo on 23 February 2017. The Ethiopian embassy is now fully functional in Jakarta. The Embassy of Ethiopia in Jakarta is accredited to ASEAN HQ, Malaysia, Singapore, Cambodia, Maldives and Pakistan. Both nations are members of the Non-Aligned Movement.
Ecuador–Indonesia relations refer to bilateral relations between Ecuador and Indonesia. Relations were established on April 29, 1980; however, it was not until November 2004 that Ecuador established their embassy in Jakarta, and reciprocated 6 years later on November 11, 2010, that Indonesia finally opened its embassy in Quito. Both countries are the members of Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation and Non-Aligned Movement.
Indonesia–Sudan relations was officially established in 1960. In February 2012, during a visit of Sudanese Foreign Minister Ali Karti to Jakarta, Indonesia and Sudan has agreed to foster bilateral relations in politics, science, education and economic sectors. Indonesia has an embassy in Khartoum, while Sudan has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries have Muslim-majority population and both are members of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.
Fiji and Indonesia established relations in 1974, at that time Indonesian mission for Fiji was accredited through Indonesian embassy in Wellington, New Zealand. On August 22, 2002 Indonesia opened their embassy in Suva, Fiji. Fiji reciprocated by opening their embassy in Jakarta on April 6, 2011 which is also accredited to East Timor.
Indonesia–Syria relations was officially established in 1949, and it was among earliest international recognitions on Indonesian sovereignty. Both nations have common perceptions related to Palestine, Iraq and Lebanon issues, and Indonesia always supports Syria in international forum on the issue of the Golan Heights. Regarding the current events of the Syrian Civil War, Indonesia has urged all parties in Syria to end the violence, while pledging to provide US$500,000 worth of humanitarian assistance to conflict-torn Syria in 2014. Previously Indonesia has donated the same amount to Syria in 2012 and 2013 under United Nations. Indonesia has an embassy in Damascus, while Syria has an embassy in Jakarta. Both nations are the member of Non-Aligned Movement and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.
Foreign relations were officially established in 1992. Azerbaijan appreciates Indonesia's support in international forums on Azerbaijan position regarding the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Azerbaijan has an embassy in Jakarta while Indonesia has an embassy in Baku. Both nations are the member of Organization of Islamic Cooperation and Non Aligned Movement.
Croatia and Indonesia established diplomatic relations in 1992. Croatia sees Indonesia as one of the largest and the most influential nation in ASEAN, and recognized its potential as the gate to enter ASEAN markets. Vice versa, Indonesia also recognizes Croatian potential as a strategic gate to penetrate Balkans and European Union market. Croatia has an embassy in Jakarta, while Indonesian embassy in Zagreb was established in 2010.
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