Grevillea ilicifolia

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Grevillea ilicifolia
Grevillea ilicifolia.jpg
In Monarto Woodlands Conservation Park
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Grevillea
Species:
G. ilicifolia
Binomial name
Grevillea ilicifolia
(R.Br.) R.Br. [2]
Subspecies
  • (R.Br.) R.Br. subsp. ilicifolia
  • subsp. lobata(F.Muell.) Downing
Synonyms [2]

Anadenia ilicifoliaR.Br.

Habit near Serviceton Grevillea ilicifolia habit.jpg
Habit near Serviceton

Grevillea ilicifolia, commonly known as holly grevillea or holly bush, [3] is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to southern continental Australia. It is a spreading to prostrate shrub with holly-like leaves with sharply-pointed triangular to egg-shaped teeth or lobes, and clusters of green to cream-coloured and mauve flowers with a pink to red style.

Contents

Description

Grevillea ilicifolia is an erect to spreading or prostrate shrub typically 0.3–2 m (1 ft 0 in – 6 ft 7 in) high and 3 m (9.8 ft) wide. Its leaves are variably-shaped, typically egg-shaped in outline, 18–101 mm (0.71–3.98 in) long and 3–80 mm (0.12–3.15 in) wide with two to thirteen lobes each with sharply-pointed triangular to egg-shaped lobes or teeth 7–50 mm (0.28–1.97 in) long and 0.8–8 mm (0.031–0.315 in) wide. The flowers are usually arranged in clusters on a rachis 20–50 mm (0.79–1.97 in) long and are green to cream-coloured and mauve to grey, the pistil is 19.5–25 mm (0.77–0.98 in) long. The style is pink to red, sometimes orange to pale yellow, and green-tipped. Flowering occurs from September to November and the fruit is a hairy follicle 10.5–16.5 mm (0.41–0.65 in) long. [3] [4] [5] [6]

Taxonomy

This species was first formally described in 1810 by Scottish botanist Robert Brown who gave it the name Anadenia ilicifolia in the Transactions of the Linnean Society of London . [7] [8] In 1830, Brown changed the name to Grevillea ilicifolia in his Supplementum primum prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae . [9] [10] The specific epithet (ilicifolia) means "holly-leaved". [11]

In 2004, Trisha L. Downing described two subspecies of G. ilicifolia in Australian Systematic Botany and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

Distribution and habitat

Grevillea ilicifolia grows in mallee, heath or shrubland in south-eastern South Australia, including the Eyre Peninsula and Kangaroo Island, in western inland Victoria, and near Griffith in western New South Wales. Subspecies lobata is restricted to north-western Victoria and the Murray and South-eastern botanical districts of South Australia. [3] [13] [15] [16]

Conservation status

Grevillea ilicifolia is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, due to a past reduction in population due to land clearing for agriculture covering 30% of the population over 3 generations. This decline is projected to continue into the future due to increased fire frequencies. It is rare in New South Wales, where subspecies ilicifolia is listed as Critically Endangered under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 . It is believed to have gone regionally extinct in the Griffith area. [1]

The main threats to the species in are land clearing for agriculture, inappropriate fire regimes and browsing by herbivores. The species may be susceptible to dieback disease from the pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi . Some small subpopulations, particularly those in New South Wales, are vulnerable to stochastic events. [1] [17] [18]

Related Research Articles

<i>Grevillea bipinnatifida</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea bipinnatifida, commonly known as fuchsia grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a spreading shrub, usually with bipinnatifid leaves and loose clusters of dull pink to crimson flowers.

<i>Grevillea victoriae</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to New South Wales and Victoria, Australia

Grevillea victoriae, also known as royal grevillea or mountain grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to mountainous regions of south-eastern continental Australia. It is an erect to spreading shrub with elliptic to lance-shaped leaves, and pendulous clusters of red to orange flowers.

<i>Grevillea obtecta</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Victoria, Australia

Grevillea obtecta, commonly known as Fryerstown grevillea, Elphinstone grevillea or Taradale grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Victoria in Australia. It is a prostrate, clumping or straggling shrub with pinnatifid, pinnatipartite or toothed leaves, and toothbrush-like clusters of light green to yellowish and purplish to black flowers with a dull yellow to pink style.

<i>Grevillea hookeriana</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea hookeriana, commonly known as red toothbrushes or Hooker's grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a spreading to erect shrub, usually with linear leaves or deeply divided leaves with linear lobes, and toothbrush-shaped groups of red, black or yellowish green flowers, the style maroon to black.

<i>Grevillea montis-cole</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Victoria, Australia

Grevillea montis-cole, commonly known as Mount Cole grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to central-western Victoria, Australia. It is a shrub with divided leaves with 5 to 15 lobes, the end lobes more or less triangular to narrowly oblong and sharply-pointed, and clusters of greenish to fawn and dull purplish flowers.

<i>Grevillea repens</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Victoria, Australia

Grevillea repens, the creeping grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Victoria, Australia. It is a prostrate, often mat-forming shrub, that has leaves with 5 to 19 teeth or lobes, and light green or grey, toothbrush-like flowers with reddish striations and a deep red, or dull orange to yellow style.

<i>Grevillea synapheae</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea synapheae, commonly known as catkin grevillea, is species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a prostrate to erect shrub usually with divided leaves with 3 to 7 triangular to more or less linear lobes, and clusters of white to creamy yellow flowers.

<i>Grevillea willisii</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Victoria, Australia

Grevillea willisii, commonly known as Omeo grevillea or rock grevillea, is species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae, and is endemic to the eastern highlands of Victoria, Australia. It is a spreading to erect shrub with pinnatipartite leaves, the end lobes broadly triangular to oblong and sometimes sharply pointed, and dense clusters of greenish-white to fawn-coloured flowers with a white to cream-coloured style.

<i>Grevillea pachylostyla</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Victoria, Australia

Grevillea pachylostyla, commonly known as Buchan River grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Victoria in Australia. It is a mounded to almost prostrate shrub with divided leaves, the end lobes triangular, and usually down-curved, more or less toothbrush-like clusters of cream-coloured flowers that turn` pink to red after opening.

<i>Grevillea irrasa</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to New South Wales, Australia

Grevillea irrasa is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to south-eastern New South Wales. It is an erect, spreading shrub with oblong to egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and clusters of red to apricot-coloured flowers.

<i>Grevillea oxyantha</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to New South Wales, Australia

Grevillea oxyantha is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is an erect to spreading shrub with somewhat silky-hairy branchlets, broadly elliptic to broadly egg-shaped or almost round leaves, and hairy, crimson and pink flowers with a red style.

<i>Grevillea angustiloba</i> Species of plant in the family Proteaceae endenic to Australia

Grevillea angustiloba, commonly known as dissected holly-leaf grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to southern continental Australia. It is a prostrate, low-lying or erect shrub with deeply divided pinnate leaves and usually red, sometimes orange or pale yellow flowers.

<i>Grevillea polychroma</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Victoria, Australia

Grevillea polychroma , commonly known as Tullach Ard grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to eastern Victoria. It is a spreading to erect shrub with densely hairy branchlets, egg-shaped leaves, the narrower end towards the base, and down-turned clusters of hairy, cream-coloured, pale yellow or pink to red flowers.

<i>Grevillea miqueliana</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Victoria, Australia

Grevillea miqueliana is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Victoria in Australia. It is an erect to spreading shrub with elliptic to egg-shaped leaves and clusters of red and orange or yellow flowers.

<i>Grevillea neurophylla</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Victoria, Australia

Grevillea neurophylla, commonly known as granite grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is a spreading to erect shrub with linear leaves, and clusters of white to pale pink flowers with a strongly hooked style.

<i>Grevillea floribunda</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to New South Wales and Queensland, Australia

Grevillea floribunda, commonly known as seven dwarfs grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a spreading shrub with oblong to egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base and groups of six to twenty flowers covered with rusty brown hairs.

<i>Grevillea ramosissima</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to south-eastern Australia

Grevillea ramosissima, commonly known as fan grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to eastern continental Australia. It is a low, spreading shrub with lobed leaves and clusters of cream-coloured to pale yellow flowers.

Grevillea nematophylla, commonly known as water bush or silver-leaved water bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is shrub or small tree with simple or pinnatisect leaves, the leaves or lobes linear, and branched, cylindrical clusters of cream-coloured flowers.

<i>Grevillea pyramidalis</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea pyramidalis, commonly known as the caustic bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to north-western Australia. It is an erect, spindly shrub or small tree with simple linear or pinnatisect leaves with linear to narrowly egg-shaped lobes, and white to yellow or cream-coloured flowers.

<i>Grevillea diffusa</i> Species of plant in the Proteaceae family

Grevillea diffusa is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the Sydney region of New South Wales. It is a low, compact shrub with elliptic to linear leaves, and dark red, or dark crimson to scarlet and burgundy-coloured flowers.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Olde, P.; Barker, W. (2020). "Grevillea ilicifolia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T113021306A113308111. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T113021306A113308111.en . Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  2. 1 2 "Grevillea ilicifolia". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 "Grevillea ilicifolia". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  4. ↑ "Grevillea ilicifolia". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  5. ↑ Makinson, Robert O. "Grevillea ilicifolia". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  6. ↑ Makinson, Robert O. "Grevillea ilicifolia". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  7. ↑ "Anadenia ilicifolia". APNI. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  8. ↑ Brown, Robert (1810). "On the Proteaceae of Jussieu". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 10 (1): 167. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  9. ↑ "Grevillea ilicifolia". APNI. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  10. ↑ Brown, Robert (1830). Supplementum primum prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae. London. p. 21. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  11. ↑ Sharr, Francis Aubi; George, Alex (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings (3rd ed.). Kardinya, WA: Four Gables Press. p. 222. ISBN   9780958034180.
  12. ↑ "Grevillea ilicifolia subsp. ilicifolia". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  13. 1 2 Stajsic, Val. "Grevillea ilicifolia subsp. ilicifolia". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  14. ↑ "Grevillea ilicifolia subsp. lobata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  15. 1 2 Stajsic, Val. "Grevillea ilicifolia subsp. lobata". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  16. ↑ "Census of South Australian Plants". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  17. ↑ "Grevillea ilicifolia subsp. ilicifolia". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  18. ↑ "Holly-leaf Grevillea - profile". New South Wales Government Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
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