Guadalquivir Marshes

Guadalquivir Marshes
*Marismas del Guadalquivir*
Guadalquivir Marshes Marismas del Guadalquivir
Natural region
	Las Marismas del Guadalquivir landscape, depicting rice fields in the Isla Mayor area.
	Guadalquivir Marshes
	Coordinates: 36°57′N6°19′W / 36.950°N 6.317°W
Country	Spain
Region	Andalucia
Area
• Total	2,000 km2 (800 sq mi)

Last updated June 27, 2024

The Guadalquivir Marshes (in Spanish : Marismas del Guadalquivir or simply Las Marismas) are a natural region of marshy lowlands on the lower Guadalquivir River.

History

Approximately two millennia ago the wetlands comprised a large lagoon and estuary, known as Lacus Ligustinus in Latin, leading to the Guadalquivir River mouth with some sand bars to the South. Over time the lake silted up, gradually transforming into marshland.^[1] This silt has formed into a barrier of dunes extending approximately 70 kilometres (43 mi) along the coast, known as Arenas Gordas (English: "the fat sands").^[2]

The marquessate de las Marismas del Guadalquivir is a Spanish noble title named after the area; this noble title was created by Royal Decree of King Ferdinand VII in 1829 for Alejandro María Aguado y Ramírez de Estenoz.^[3]

In the early 21st century, the Guadalquivir wetland region's main economic activity is agriculture, specialising in the cultivation of rice. An area of about 400 km² is devoted to rice farming. It has an annual output of about 310,000 metric tonnes, equating to approximately 40% of Spain's rice production.

Protected area

The wetland zone acts as a buffer zone between the human settlements of the Guadalquivir region and Doñana National Park, a protected area of marshland, streams, and sand dunes. The National Park was established in 1969 as a nature reserve when the World Wildlife Fund joined forces with the Spanish Government to purchase a substantial part of the local wetlands in order to preserve them.^[4]

Fauna

The Las Marismas area is home to a large number of wildlife species. Commonly seen terrestrial animals include deer, lynx, and wild boars. Notable avian species include vultures, flamingos, herons, spoonbills, and ducks. The rare Spanish imperial eagle lives here, whose population is considered vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.^[2]

Related Research Articles

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References

1 2 F. Ruiz; A. Rodríguez-Ramírez; et al. (2002). "Cambios Paleoambientales en la desembocadura del río Guadalquivir durante el Holoceno reciente" (PDF). Geogaceta. 32. Sociedad Geológica de España: 167–170. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-07-13. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
1 2 Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). Natural Wonders of the World . United States of America: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. pp. 231. ISBN 0-89577-087-3.
↑ Marquesado de las Marismas del Guadalquivir - Real Decreto de 20 de mayo de 1829
↑ WWF (April 2011). "For a living planet" (PDF). Gland, Switzerland: WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund). pp. 18–19. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 21, 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2014.

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[RR-1] 1 2 F. Ruiz; A. Rodríguez-Ramírez; et al. (2002). "Cambios Paleoambientales en la desembocadura del río Guadalquivir durante el Holoceno reciente" (PDF). Geogaceta. 32. Sociedad Geológica de España: 167–170. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-07-13. Retrieved 2011-07-10.

[readersnatural-2] 1 2 Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). Natural Wonders of the World . United States of America: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. pp. 231. ISBN 0-89577-087-3.

[3] Marquesado de las Marismas del Guadalquivir - Real Decreto de 20 de mayo de 1829

[4] WWF (April 2011). "For a living planet" (PDF). Gland, Switzerland: WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund). pp. 18–19. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 21, 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2014.

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