Halfway Gone

Last updated
"Halfway Gone"
Lifehouse halfway gone.png
Single by Lifehouse
from the album Smoke & Mirrors
ReleasedOctober 26, 2009
Recorded2008
Genre Pop rock
Length3:15
Label Geffen
Songwriter(s) Jason Wade, Kevin Rudolf, Jacob Kasher, Jude Cole
Producer(s)
Lifehouse singles chronology
"Broken"
(2008)		"Halfway Gone"
(2009)		"All In"
(2010)
Music video
"Halfway Gone" on YouTube

"Halfway Gone" is a song by American band Lifehouse. It is the first single released from their fifth studio album, Smoke & Mirrors (2010). It was first released via digital download in the United States and Canada on October 26, 2009. It was then solicited to mainstream radio on January 12, 2010. Several remixes of the song were later released on iTunes on April 6, 2010 in an album called Halfway Gone Remixes . The song was a commercial success, charting in Canada, the United States, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, and New Zealand. The accompanying music video portrays Lifehouse lead singer Jason Wade singing most of the lyrics in a park, and also features band cohorts and various people lip-syncing the lyrics as the song plays.

Contents

Background and release

The song was written by Lifehouse's lead singer, Jason Wade, and American singer-songwriter Kevin Rudolf. [1] In an interview with Billboard, Rudolf said, "I chose [to work on] 'Halfway Gone' because Jason Wade is such a great writer, great singer, and great artist." [2] The song was produced by Lifehouse and record producer, Jude Cole, at MixStar Studios in Virginia Beach, VA. [3] "Halfway Gone" was released via digital download in the United States and Canada on October 26, 2009. [4] A few months later, it was solicited to mainstream radio on January 12, 2010. [5]

Composition and critical reception

Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg
"Halfway Gone"
A 15-second sample of "Halfway Gone" with the main chorus sung by Jason Wade.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

"Halfway Gone" was described as a "fun rock-pop [song] that would brighten most people's day" by Alex Lai of Contactmusic.com. [6] Nathaniel Schexnayder of Jesus Freak Hideout called the song an "effective rock song", noting that the song is "an easy album highlight as well as a hit single". [7] Billboard's Michael Menachem gave a positive review of the song saying that "the song opens up with blurred 'wooh-ooh-oohs' that establish an uptempo pace, and its lively, danceable rhythm works well with frontman Jason Wade's vocals, which waver between intimate and explosive." He also said that working with Kevin Rudolf and Jacob Kasher resulted in "a fresh sound for Lifehouse as the band aims to extend its run on the hot AC and Billboard Hot 100 charts." [8] Ultimate Guitar described the song as "laid-back in its approach", but commended its "hooks and infectious backing 'whoas' in the chorus." [9]

Chart performance

"Halfway Gone" debuted at number 99 on the Billboard Hot 100. [10] It moved up and down the chart for several months and eventually peaked at number 50. [11] It debuted on the Canadian Hot 100 at number 78. [12] It stayed on the chart for 13 weeks, until peaking at number 67 on the chart. [13] The song debuted and peaked on the Billboard Pop Songs chart at number 25. [14] On the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart, the song debuted at 43. It has since peaked at number 16, after being on the chart for 11 consecutive weeks. [15] It debuted on Billboard's Radio Songs chart at number 67, and eventually peaked at number 47. [16] On the Adult Contemporary chart, the song peaked at number 12 after being on the chart for 17 non-consecutive weeks. [17] The song also charted on the Billboard Digital Songs chart and peaked at number 56. [18]

The song also achieved international success. It debuted on Belgium's Ultratip chart at number 27 for the week of March 20, 2010 and stayed on the chart for seven consecutive weeks before peaking at number two on the chart. [19] The song debuted on the Media Control Charts in Germany at number 35, which became its peak position on the chart. [20] In Australia, the song debuted at number 47 on the ARIA Charts. It has since peaked at number 30, after being on the chart for eight weeks. [21] The song debuted at number 63 in Austria, and later peaked at number 40 on the Ö3 Austria Top 40. [22] It also charted in New Zealand, and debuted at number 34 on the New Zealand Singles Chart, which became its peak. [23]

Live performances

Lifehouse debuted their first live performance of "Halfway Gone" on The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien on January 19, 2010. [24] They also performed the song on Live with Regis and Kelly on March 2, 2010, and two days later on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on March 4, 2010. [25]

Music video

The background makes it seem like people appear out of nowhere throughout the video. Halfway Gone Music Video.png
The background makes it seem like people appear out of nowhere throughout the video.

The music video, directed by Frank Borin, was first released on Lifehouse's official website on November 24, 2009. [26] Later that day, it was also released on iTunes. [27] It features all Lifehouse members singing lead vocals, and also features miscellaneous people, including actresses Lola Blanc and Aurelia Scheppers, singing lead vocals throughout the music video. [28]

In the music video, it begins with an out-of-focus view of Wade, seemingly alone, coming up a hill towards the camera. When he stops and starts singing, the camera comes into focus and the other band members come out from behind him and start lip-synching his vocals. A group of people (In which one of them is YouTube star, Wendy McColm) pull up in cars and they also lip-synch the song, in addition to performing other activities throughout the video. The video's effects allow people to seemingly appear out of nowhere throughout the video. [28]

The video was shot in the Anthony C. Beilenson Park (formerly Balboa Park) in the Lake Balboa district of Los Angeles' San Fernando Valley. [29]

Remixes

Three remixes of "Halfway Gone" were released on April 6, 2010 into an extended play on iTunes, entitled Halfway Gone Remixes. [30] The names of the remixes are the "Morgan Page Remix", the "Jody Den Broeder Club Remix", and the "Fred Falke Remix". [31] The remixes were mixed by the progressive house producers Morgan Page and Jody Den Broeder, and house music producer Fred Falke. [32]

Hayley Beck of CWG Magazine gave a positive review of the EP, saying "Honestly I could hear these songs being played in a nightclub, and I definitely never would've imagined myself dancing around to a Lifehouse track!" She continues to describe the album, and describes the vocals as "coarse vocals laid over a dancingly, mellow beat." [33]

No.TitleLength
1."Halfway Gone (Morgan Page Remix)"7:23
2."Halfway Gone (Jody Den Broeder Club Remix)"7:31
3."Halfway Gone (Fred Falke Remix)"7:25

Credits and personnel

Source: Smoke & Mirrors (Deluxe Version) - iTunes LP [3]

Charts

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lifehouse (band)</span> American rock band

Lifehouse is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California comprising Jason Wade, Rick Woolstenhulme Jr., Bryce Soderberg, and Steve Stout. The band came to mainstream prominence with their 2000 single "Hanging by a Moment," which led their debut studio album, No Name Face (2000). The song peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100, won a Billboard Music Award for Hot 100 Single of the Year—having spent 20 weeks within the top ten and over a cumulative year on the chart—and was named the best-performing single of 2001 despite not reaching the top position, making it the fourth song in the chart's history to do so.

<i>No Name Face</i> 2000 studio album by Lifehouse

No Name Face is the first studio album by American rock band Lifehouse. It was released on October 31, 2000, by DreamWorks Records and it produced the hit single "Hanging by a Moment" which went on to be the most played song on radio the following year. This album launched Lifehouse into the limelight, and produced many radio-friendly hits. It has sold over four million copies worldwide, with 2,670,000 copies sold in the US alone.

<i>Stanley Climbfall</i> 2002 studio album by Lifehouse

Stanley Climbfall is the second studio album by American rock band Lifehouse. It was released on September 17, 2002, through DreamWorks Records. It was produced by Ron Aniello, the producer of the band's first record, No Name Face (2000). Supported by the singles "Spin" and "Take Me Away", the album debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200 but did not perform as well commercially as No Name Face. "Take Me Away" peaked at number 22 on Billboard's Adult Pop Songs chart. Stanley Climbfall has sold over one million copies domestically.

<i>Lifehouse</i> (album) 2005 studio album by Lifehouse

Lifehouse is the third studio album by American rock band Lifehouse. It was released in March 2005 by Geffen Records, and preceded by the single "You and Me".

Jude Anthony Cole is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and talent manager from Carbon Cliff, Illinois. He began his career as part of Moon Martin's backing group the Ravens, and joined the English power pop band the Records in 1980, by the age of 19. After his work on their album Crashes (1980), he signed with Reprise Records to pursue a solo recording career and released his eponymous debut studio album (1987), which was followed by four subsequent releases—A View from 3rd Street (1990), Start the Car (1992), I Don't Know Why I Act This Way (1995), and Falling Home (2000). Afterward, he outsourced his work onto management, production, and songwriting for the alternative rock band Lifehouse. Cole was credited on most of their singles throughout the 2000s, including "You and Me," "First Time," "Whatever It Takes" and "Halfway Gone" — each became hit songs on the Billboard Hot 100, Mainstream Top 40, Adult Top 40, and Adult Contemporary charts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">You and Me (Lifehouse song)</span> 2005 single by Lifehouse

"You and Me" is a song by American alternative rock band Lifehouse. It is the first single released from their third studio album, Lifehouse (2005). The track was written by lead singer Jason Wade and American record producer Jude Cole. It was recorded and produced by John Alagía at his home studio in Easton, Maryland. The song was first released via digital download on January 28, 2005. It was then solicited to mainstream radio on March 15, 2005. An extended wedding version of the song was then released on July 26, 2005.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hanging by a Moment</span> 2000 single by Lifehouse

"Hanging by a Moment" is a song by American alternative rock band Lifehouse. It was the first single released from their debut studio album, No Name Face (2000), issued through DreamWorks Records. The track was written by lead singer Jason Wade, who said that he wrote the song in about five minutes without thinking about what would happen to it. It was produced by American record producer Ron Aniello and was mixed by Brendan O'Brien. Musically, "Hanging by a Moment" is a post-grunge song that contains influences of alternative rock.

<i>Who We Are</i> (Lifehouse album) 2007 studio album by Lifehouse

Who We Are is the fourth studio album by American alternative rock band Lifehouse. It was first released via compact disc in the United States on June 18, 2007 by Geffen Records. It was released via digital download the next day on June 19, 2007. The band entered the studio without any demos recorded and only had lyrics from Lifehouse lead singer Jason Wade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">First Time (Lifehouse song)</span> 2007 single by Lifehouse

"First Time" is a song by American alternative band Lifehouse and it is the first single released from their fourth studio album, Who We Are (2007). The song was written by lead singer Jason Wade alongside Jude Cole, who produced the song. Wade felt it was urgent to write the track and said that he had to think deep to write it. Musically, "First Time" is a power pop song that contains alternative rock with a theme about the early stages of romance. The track was first released as a digital download on May 7, 2007, by Geffen Records. It was then solicited to mainstream radio on May 15, 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spin (song)</span> 2002 single by Lifehouse

"Spin" is a song by American alternative rock band Lifehouse from their second studio album, Stanley Climbfall (2002). It was written by Jason Wade and produced by Ron Aniello. The song received positive reviews from music critics and peaked at number 71 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. It was a top-thirty success in New Zealand, reaching number 25 on the RIANZ Singles Chart in January 2003.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Breathing (Lifehouse song)</span> 2000 single by Lifehouse

"Breathing" is a song by American alternative rock band Lifehouse. It is the third single released from their debut studio album No Name Face (2000).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sick Cycle Carousel</span> 2001 single by Lifehouse

"Sick Cycle Carousel" is a song by American alternative rock band Lifehouse. It is the second single released from their debut studio album No Name Face (2000). The track was written by Lifehouse lead singer Jason Wade and Scott Faircloff, who says he felt freedom when writing songs for the album. American record producers Ron Aniello and Brendan O'Brien produced and mixed the song, respectively. The song was released on April 24, 2001, by DreamWorks Records.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solange discography</span>

American singer and songwriter Solange has released four studio albums: Solo Star in 2002, Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams in 2008, A Seat at the Table in 2016, which peaked at number one in the US Billboard 200 chart, and When I Get Home in 2019. Solange released a music video and single for "Losing You" on October 2, 2012. The single was released in promotion of her first EP, titled True, which Solange worked on with Dev Hynes and was released on November 27, 2012, by Terrible Records.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lifehouse discography</span> Pop rock band discography

American alternative rock band Lifehouse has released seven studio albums, three extended plays, one DVD, and sixteen singles. The band's debut single, "Hanging by a Moment", was named Billboard's song of the year in 2001. After signing to DreamWorks Records in 2000, the band released their debut studio album, No Name Face, which has been certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA.

"Whatever It Takes" is a song by the American alternative band Lifehouse. It is the second single released from their fourth studio album, Who We Are (2007). The song was written by Lifehouse lead singer Jason Wade and American record producer Jude Cole. When discussing the song, Wade felt that the message of the song dealt with how difficult it could be to be in a relationship. It was first released with the band's fourth studio album Who We Are on June 18, 2007 and was then solicited to mainstream radio on November 13, 2007. It is a moderately slow pop-rock ballad that has influences of adult alternative.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Broken (Lifehouse song)</span> 2008 song by Lifehouse

"Broken" is a song by American alternative band Lifehouse. It is the third single released from their fourth studio album, Who We Are (2007). Lead singer Jason Wade was inspired to write the song after he visited a friend in Nashville who needed a kidney transplant. Originally released on June 18, 2007, as the fifth track on Who We Are, the song was then edited for radio to give it more of a "rock" feel. The new radio version of the song was released via digital download on July 8, 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kuk Harrell</span> American songwriter and producer

Thaddis Laphonia "Kuk" Harrell is an American songwriter, vocal producer, arranger and engineer. He was a member of a songwriting–production team composed of himself, Christopher "Tricky" Stewart and Terius "The-Dream" Nash. In 2011, Kuk Harrell and partner Tricky Stewart joined the ranks of Fox's American Idol along with music mogul Jimmy Iovine, producing many of the songs performed on television by the contestants and released via iTunes. 2011 marked the highly anticipated return of Jennifer Lopez and her album LOVE? in which Kuk served as Album Vocal Producer. Earning his fourth Grammy for the vocal production of Rihanna's No. 1 Billboard Single "Only Girl ", Harrell is also the vocal producer and co-writer of Rihanna's Grammy-winning single "Umbrella". A composer and engineer on Beyoncé's chart topping "Single Ladies " from the album I Am... Sasha Fierce, he is also vocal producer and engineer of the Diane Warren-penned "I Was Here" from Beyoncé's 2011 album 4. He also produced the majority of the vocals on Mary J. Blige's Platinum album Growing Pains, which won the 2008 Grammy for Best Contemporary R&B Album. The first single from Growing Pains, "Just Fine", earned a Grammy nomination for best R&B vocal performance in 2007.

<i>Smoke & Mirrors</i> (Lifehouse album) 2010 studio album by Lifehouse

Smoke & Mirrors is the fifth studio album by American alternative rock band Lifehouse. It was released on March 2, 2010, by Geffen Records. Lifehouse began to work on the album with record producer Jude Cole in the fall of 2008 at Cole's Ironworks Studio. The band collaborated with American singer-songwriter Kevin Rudolf and Chris Daughtry of the band Daughtry while working on the album.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">All In (Lifehouse song)</span> 2010 single by Lifehouse

"All In" is a song by American alternative rock band Lifehouse, released by Geffen Records on May 18, 2010 as the second single from their fifth studio album, Smoke & Mirrors (2010). It was produced by Jude Cole, and written by the band's lead vocalist Jason Wade. "All In" peaked atop Billboard's Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart, and became a hit on the magazine's Adult Alternative Songs, Adult Contemporary, and Adult Pop Airplay charts.

<i>Out of the Wasteland</i> 2015 studio album by Lifehouse

Out of the Wasteland is the seventh studio album by American alternative rock band Lifehouse, released on May 26, 2015 by their manager, Jude Cole's Ironworks record label. It debuted atop Billboard's Independent Albums chart, reached number 26 on the Billboard 200, and was met with generally positive reviews from critics.

References

  1. ↑ Erlewine, Stephen. "allmusic ((( Smoke & Mirrors > Overview )))". Rovi Corporation. Archived from the original on 2011-02-22. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
  2. ↑ "Kevin Rudolf Mellows Out Lifehouse - Mashup Mondays". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Archived from the original on 2014-08-31. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
  3. 1 2 Smoke & Mirrors (iTunes Store Deluxe Version LP). Lifehouse. Geffen Records. 2010.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  4. ↑ "Lifehouse: Single : Halfway Gone (single)". Geffen Records. Archived from the original on 2011-09-21. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
  5. ↑ "FQMB: Radio Industry News, Music Industry Updates, Arbitron Ratings, Music News and more!". Friday Morning Quarterback Album Report, Inc. and Mediaspan Online Services. Retrieved 2010-07-26.[ permanent dead link ]
  6. ↑ Lai, Alex. "Lifehouse - Halfway Gone Single Review". Contactmusic.com. Archived from the original on 2009-11-09. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
  7. ↑ Schexnayder, Nathaniel. "Jesusfreakhideout.com: Lifehouse, "Smoke & Mirrors: Deluxe Edition" Review". Jesus Freak Hideout. Archived from the original on 2010-08-14. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
  8. ↑ Menachem, Michael. "Lifehouse, "Halfway Gone"". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Archived from the original on 2013-02-21. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
  9. ↑ "Smoke & Mirrors Review". Ultimate Guitar. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
  10. ↑ "Smoke & Mirrors - Lifehouse". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Archived from the original on 2021-11-21. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
  11. ↑ "Lifehouse Album & Song Chart History". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Archived from the original on 2021-11-21. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
  12. ↑ "Halfway Gone - Lifehouse". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Archived from the original on 2021-11-21. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
  13. ↑ "Lifehouse Album & Song Chart History". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Archived from the original on 2021-11-21. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
  14. ↑ "Halfway Gone - Lifehouse". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Archived from the original on 2021-11-21. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
  15. ↑ "Lifehouse Album & Song Chart History - Dance/Club Play Songs". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media . Retrieved 2010-08-04.
  16. ↑ "Lifehouse Album & Song Chart History - Radio Songs". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media . Retrieved 2010-08-05.
  17. ↑ "Lifehouse Album & Song Chart History - Adult Contemporary". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Archived from the original on 2021-11-21. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
  18. ↑ "Lifehouse Album & Song Chart History - Digital Songs". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Archived from the original on 2021-11-21. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
  19. ↑ "ultratop.be - Lifehouse - Halfway Gone". Ultratop & Hung Medien. Archived from the original on 2016-01-29. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
  20. ↑ "Musicline.de - Chart Tracking - Lifehouse - Halfway Gone (2-Track)". Phononet. Archived from the original on 2012-08-04. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
  21. ↑ "australian-charts.com - Lifehouse - Halfway Gone". Hung Medien. Archived from the original on 2012-10-12. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
  22. ↑ "Lifehouse - Halfway Gone - austriancharts.at". Hung Medien. Archived from the original on 2010-07-29. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
  23. ↑ "charts.nz - Lifehouse - Halfway Gone". Hung Medien. Archived from the original on 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
  24. ↑ "Check Out Lifehouse Performing "Halfway Gone" on the Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien". Geffen Records. Archived from the original on 2011-07-13. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
  25. ↑ "Don't Miss Lifehouse on Regis & Kelly and the Tonight Show w/ Jay Leno!!". Geffen Records. Archived from the original on 2011-07-13. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
  26. ↑ "Watch The New Video Halfway Gone, From The Upcoming Album Smoke & Mirrors". Geffen Records. Archived from the original on 2011-07-13. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
  27. ↑ "iTunes Store - Halfway Gone - Lifehouse". Apple Inc. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
  28. 1 2 "Behind the Scenes With Lifehouse". TTT West Coast, Inc. Archived from the original on 2010-02-27. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
  29. ↑ "Lifehouse - Halfway Gone (The Making Of)". Geffen Records . YouTube. 2009-12-10. Archived from the original on 2021-12-20. Retrieved 2012-03-16.
  30. ↑ "Halfway Gone (Remixes) - EP by Lifehouse - Download Halfway Gone (Remixes) - EP on iTunes". Apple Inc. Archived from the original on 2010-08-31. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
  31. ↑ "Halfway Gone Remixes – Lifehouse". MTV Networks. Archived from the original on September 4, 2012. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
  32. ↑ "allmusic ((( Halfway Gone Remix > Overview )))". Allmusic . Retrieved 2010-07-26.
  33. ↑ Beck, Hayley. "Lifehouse - Smoke & Mirrors And Halfway Gone Remixes EP". CWG Magazine. CWG Incorporated. Archived from the original on May 19, 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
  34. ↑ "Lifehouse – Halfway Gone". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
  35. ↑ "Lifehouse – Halfway Gone" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
  36. ↑ "Lifehouse – Halfway Gone" (in Dutch). Ultratip. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
  37. ↑ "Lifehouse Chart History (Canadian Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
  38. ↑ "Lifehouse – Halfway Gone" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
  39. ↑ "Nederlandse Top 40 – Lifehouse" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40.
  40. ↑ "Lifehouse – Halfway Gone" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
  41. ↑ "Lifehouse – Halfway Gone". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
  42. ↑ "Palmarès de la chanson anglophone et allophone au Québec" (PDF) (in French). BAnQ. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 29, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
  43. ↑ "Lifehouse Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
  44. ↑ "Lifehouse Chart History (Adult Alternative Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 2010-08-24.
  45. ↑ "Lifehouse Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
  46. ↑ "Lifehouse Chart History (Adult Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 2010-08-24.
  47. ↑ "Lifehouse Chart History (Dance Club Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
  48. ↑ "Lifehouse Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
  49. ↑ "Top 100-Jaaroverzicht van 2010". Dutch Top 40. Archived from the original on 2013-07-18. Retrieved 2019-10-06.
  50. ↑ "Adult Contemporary Songs – Year-End 2010". Billboard. Archived from the original on 2019-04-18. Retrieved 2019-09-15.
  51. ↑ "Adult Pop Songs – Year-End 2010". Billboard. Archived from the original on 2019-04-18. Retrieved 2019-09-15.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.