| Haloarcula quadrata | |
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| SEM image of Haloarcula quadrata. | |
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| Species: | H. quadrata |
| Binomial name | |
| Haloarcula quadrata Oren et al. 1999 | |
Haloarcula quadrata is a species of archaea discovered in a brine pool in the Sinai peninsula of Egypt. It was one of the first strains of prokaryotes whose cells show a flat, box-like shape. [1]
They were categorized as Haloarcula on the basis of their polar lipid composition. [1]
The cells move using single or multiple flagella but lack gas vacuoles. [1] Species within the genus Haloarcula are Gram negative and extremely halophilic, and they can use any of several sources of carbon. [2]
In taxonomy, the Halobacteriaceae are a family of the Halobacteriales in the domain Archaea. Halobacteriaceae represent a large part of halophilic Archaea, along with members in two other methanogenic families, Methanosarcinaceae and Methanocalculaceae. The family consists of many diverse genera that can survive extreme environmental niches. Most commonly, Halobacteriaceae are found in hypersaline lakes and can even tolerate sites polluted by heavy metals. They include neutrophiles, acidophiles, alkaliphiles, and there have even been psychrotolerant species discovered. Some members have been known to live aerobically, as well as anaerobically, and they come in many different morphologies. These diverse morphologies include rods in genus Halobacterium, cocci in Halococcus, flattened discs or cups in Haloferax, and other shapes ranging from flattened triangles in Haloarcula to squares in Haloquadratum, and Natronorubrum. Most species of Halobacteriaceae are best known for their high salt tolerance and red-pink pigmented members, but there are also non-pigmented species and those that require moderate salt conditions. Some species of Halobacteriaceae have been shown to exhibit phosphorus solubilizing activities that contribute to phosphorus cycling in hypersaline environments. Techniques such as 16S rRNA analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization have been major contributors to taxonomic classification in Halobacteriaceae, partly due to the difficulty in culturing halophilic Archaea.
Halobacteriales are an order of the Halobacteria, found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt. They are also called halophiles, though this name is also used for other organisms which live in somewhat less concentrated salt water. They are common in most environments where large amounts of salt, moisture, and organic material are available. Large blooms appear reddish, from the pigment bacteriorhodopsin. This pigment is used to absorb light, which provides energy to create ATP. Halobacteria also possess a second pigment, halorhodopsin, which pumps in chloride ions in response to photons, creating a voltage gradient and assisting in the production of energy from light. The process is unrelated to other forms of photosynthesis involving electron transport; however, and halobacteria are incapable of fixing carbon from carbon dioxide.
Methanosarcinales is an order of archaeans in the class Methanomicrobia.
Haloarcula is a genus of extreme halophilic Archaea in the class of Halobactaria.
In taxonomy, Haloferax is a genus of the Haloferacaceae.
Haloquadratum is a genus of archaean, belonging to the family Haloferacaceae. The first species to be identified in this group, Haloquadratum walsbyi, is unusual in that its cells are shaped like square, flat boxes.
Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is the main resource for determining the identity of prokaryotic organisms, emphasizing bacterial species, using every characterizing aspect.
Haloquadratum walsbyi is of the genus Haloquadratum, within the archaea domain known for its square halophilic nature. First discovered in a brine pool in the Sinai peninsula of Egypt, H. walsbyi is noted for its flat, square-shaped cells, and its unusual ability to survive in aqueous environments with high concentrations of sodium chloride and magnesium chloride. The species' genus name Haloquadratum translates from Greek and Latin as "salt square". This archaean is also commonly referred to as "Walsby's Square Bacterium" because of its identifying square shape which makes it unique. In accordance with its name, Haloquadratum walsbyi are most abundantly observed in salty environments.
Desulfuromonas is a Gram negative bacterial genus from the family of Desulfuromonadaceae. Desulfuromonas can reduce elemental sulfur to H2S. Desulfuromonas occur in anoxic sediments and saline lakes.
Tsukamurella is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and obligate aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Tsukamurellaceae. Most of the strains of Tsukamurella degrade starch. Some Tsukamurella species can cause infections in humans.
Cellulophaga is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae which occur in marine alga and beach mud. Cellulophaga species produce zeaxanthin.
Dolosicoccus is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic and non-motile genus of bacteria from the family of Aerococcaceae with one known species.
Ignavigranum is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic non-spore-forming and non-motile genus of bacteria from the family of Aerococcaceae with one known species.
Sporobacterium is a Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic and chemoorganotrophic bacterial genus from the family of Lachnospiraceae with one known species. Sporobacterium olearium produces methanethiol.
Malonomonas is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, chemoorganotrophic, anaerobic and motile genus of bacteria with single polar flagellum from the family of Pelobacteraceae with one known species . Strains of Malonomonas have been isolated from anoxic sediments. the bacteria Malonomonas rubra bacteria metabolizes malonate.
Marinococcus is a Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, chemolithoautotrophic and non-spore-forming genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae.
Thalassobacillus is a Gram-positive, oxidase positive, catalase negative, rod shaped and moderately halophilic genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae. Single colonies are small in size.Thalassobacillus bacteria produces Meso-diaminopimelic acid. S.I. Paul et al. (2021) isolated and biochemically characterized Thalassobacillus devorans from marine sponges of the Saint Martin's Island of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh.
Terrabacter is a genus of Gram positive, strictly aerobic, non-sporeforming bacteria. The genus name is derived from Latin terra (earth), referring to the type species' original isolation from soil. The genus was first proposed in 1989; however, the type species Terrabacter tumescens was originally described in 1934, and had previously been classified in the genera Corynebacterium, Arthrobacter, and Pimelobacter. Terrabacter species have been isolated from soil, air and stone.
Natrialbales is an order of halophilic, chemoorganotrophic archaea within the class Haloarchaea. The type genus of this order is Natrialba.
Haloarculaceae is a family of halophilic and mostly chemoorganotrophic archaea within the order Halobacteriales. The type genus of this family is Haloarcula. Its biochemical characteristics are the same as the order Halobacteriales.
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