The red algae colour comes from photosynthetic pigments (phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin). Then the various blends of relative amounts of these 3 and chlorophyll, influences the plant colour, which can vary from dark red to blue, brown, or greenish.[4]
History
In 1996, Saunders and Kraft recognized a new name, the Halymeniales, for the red algal order that was previously known as the CryptonemialesKylin,[5] based on small-subunit rRNA phylogenetic analyses. The adapted order of Halymeniales originally held the families of HalymeniaceaeBory and SebdeniaceaeKylin, and it was characterized by taxa with a multi-axial thallus, non-procarpic female reproductive development, outwardly directed carpogonial branches and intercalary auxiliary cells (Saunders and Kraft, 1996). Later Saunders and Kraft in 2002, transferred the genus TsengiaK. C. Fan and Y. C. Fan from the Nemastomatales order into the Halymeniales with the establishment of the new mono-generic family Tsengiaceae. The Sebdeniaceae family was later removed from the Halymeniales and elevated to a new order, SebdenialesWithall and Saunders (by Withall and Saunders, 2006) as suggested by Gavio et al. (2005).[6] Later, Papenfuss (1955) synonymized the Grateloupiaceae with the Cryptonemiaceae; however, Guiry (1978) reinstated the HalymeniaceaeBory based on nomenclatural priority. As a consequence, the Grateloupiaceae and Cryptonemiaceae are now considered synonyms of the Halymeniaceae. After using a taxon-rich rbcL data set, the family Grateloupiaceae was reinstated into the Halymeniales order in 2021.[7] The ArchaeolithophyllaceaeChuvashov family was created in 1987, and placed within the Corallinales (Order),[8] before being placed within the Halymeniales.
Families
The following families are recognised in the order Halymeniales:[9]
The order has cosmopolitan distribution.[10] They are found in places such as Tasmania (Australia),[11] Brazil,[12] within the Mediterranean,[13] near the island of Madagascar (within the Indian Ocean),[14] the Philippines,[15] Vietnam,[16] the South Korean coast (East and South) and near Japan.[17]
Species notes
Polyopes affinis is a red alga from the order Halymeniales. The species is abundantly found along the South Korean coast (East and South) and also in Japan, and it is widely used as a food in South Korea, Japan, and China because of its nutritional properties and health benefits (Ha et al. 2022).[17]
↑ Saunders, G. W. & Kraft, G.T. 1996. Small-subunit rRNA gene sequences from representatives of selected families of the Gigartinales and Rhodymeniales (Rhodophyta). II. Recognition of the Halymeniales ord. nov. Canadian Journal of Botany 74: 694–707
↑ Kamiya, M., Lindstrom, S.C., Nakayama, T., Yokoyama, A., Lin, S.-M., Guiry, M.D., Gurgel, F.D.G., Huisman, J.M., Kitayama, T., Suzuki, M., Cho, T.O. & Frey, W. 2017. Rhodophyta. In: Syllabus of Plant Families, 13th ed. Part 2/2: Photoautotrophic eukaryotic Algae. (Frey, W. Eds), pp. [i]–xii, [1]–171. Stuttgart: Borntraeger Science Publishers
↑ Saunders, Gary W.; Withall, Rodney D. (23 January 2006). "Collections of the invasive species Grateloupia turuturu (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta) from Tasmania, Australia". Phycologia. 45 (6): 711–714. doi:10.2216/06-10.1. S2CID84288235.
↑ De Azevedo, Arau´joarau´arau´jo; Cassano, Valériaval´valéria; Oliveira, Mariana Cabral (May 2016). "Diversity of branched Halymenia (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta) species on the Brazilian coast: Molecular and morphological analyses reveal three new species". Phycologia. 55 (4): 431–444. doi:10.2216/15-126.1. S2CID88771681.
↑ Manghisi, Antonio; Gall, Line Le; Ribera, M. Antonia; Bonillo, Céline; Gargiulo, Gaetano M.; Morabito, Marina (1 August 2014). "The Mediterranean Endemic New genus Felicinia (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta) Recognized by a Morphological and Phylogenetic Integrative Approach,"". Cryptogamie, Algologie. 35 (3): 221–243. doi:10.7872/crya.v35.iss3.2014.221. S2CID85238607.
1 2 Fenoradosoa, T. A.; Delattre, C.; Laroche, C.; Wadouachi, A.; Dulong, V.; Picton, L.; Andriamadio, P.; Michaud, P. (1 August 2009). "Highly sulphated galactan from Halymenia durvillei (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta), a red seaweed of Madagascar marine coasts". Int J Biol Macromol. 45 (2): 140–5. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.04.015. PMID19409410.
↑ De Smedt, G.; De Clerck, F.; Leliaert, F.; Coppejans, E.; Liao, L.M. (November 2001). "Morphology and systematics of the genus Halymenia C.Agardh (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta) in the Philippines". Nova Hedwigia. 73 (3–4). Stuttgart: 293–322. doi:10.1127/nova.hedwigia/73/2001/293.
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