Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives the barbs and barbels, among others. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest vertebrate animal family overall, with about 3,000 species; only 1,270 of these remain extant, divided into about 200 valid genera. Cyprinids range from about 12 mm (0.5 in) in size to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb. By genus and species count, the family makes up more than two-thirds of the ostariophysian order Cypriniformes. The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos.
Cypriniformes is an order of ray-finned fish, which includes many families and genera of cyprinid fish, such as barbs, gobies, loaches, botias, and minnows. Cypriniformes is an “order-within-an-order”, placed under the superorder Ostariophysi—which is also made up of cyprinid, ostariophysin fishes. The order contains 11-12 families, over 400 genera, and more than 4,250 named species; new species are regularly described, and new genera are recognized frequently. Cyprinids are most diverse in South and Southeast Asia, but are entirely absent from Australia and South America. At 112 years old, the longest-lived cypriniform fish documented is the bigmouth buffalo.
Barbodes is a genus of small to medium-sized cyprinid fish native to tropical Asia. The majority of the species are from Southeast Asia. Many species are threatened and some from the Philippines are already extinct. A survey carried out in 1992 only found three of the endemic Barbodes species, and only two were found in 2008. Several members of this genus were formerly included in Puntius.
Garra is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae. These fish are one example of the "log suckers", sucker-mouthed barbs and other cyprinids commonly kept in aquaria to keep down algae. The doctor fish of Anatolia and the Middle East belongs in this genus. The majority of the more than 160 species of garras are native to Asia, but about one-fifth of the species are from Africa.
Squalius is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae found in Europe and Asia. Hybridization is not rare in the Cyprinidae, including this genus. S. alburnoides is known to be of ancient hybrid origin, with the paternal lineage deriving from a prehistoric species related to Anaecypris; the latter mated with ancestral S. pyrenaicus. Present-day S. alburnoides mates with sympatric congeners of other species.
Danio erythromicron, often known as emerald dwarf danio and emerald dwarf rasbora, is a species of cyprinid fish which is endemic to Inle Lake in Myanmar.
Pseudorasbora is a genus of small freshwater fish native to eastern Asia, including China, Korea, Japan and Siberia. P. parva, has been introduced to regions outside its native range and is considered invasive.
Barilius is a large genus of cyprinid freshwater fishes native to Asia. Four species in this genus have been described since 2012.
Sinocyclocheilus altishoulderus is a species of cave fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to Guangxi province in southern China, and only known from a cave in Donglan County, from a subterranean tributary of the Hongshui River, a tributary of the Pearl River.
The least rasbora or exclamation point rasbora is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Boraras, native to freshwater habitats in mainland southeast Asia. This species is very small, ranging from 12 to 16 mm.
Paracapoeta erhani, also known as the Ceyhan scraper or Seyhan scraper, is a Turkish species of freshwater cyprinid fish in the genus Paracapoeta.
Leuciscinae is a subfamily of the freshwater fish family Cyprinidae, which contains the true minnows.
Black kokanee, or kunimasu in Japanese, is a species of landlocked Pacific trout in Japan that was thought to be extinct for 70 years before being rediscovered in 2010. The species was originally endemic to Lake Tazawa, Akita Prefecture, but was translocated to Lake Saiko in an attempt to save the species. These efforts were only discovered to have been successful in 2010 when nine specimens were captured by a team of researchers including a celebrity biologist, 'Sakana-kun'.
Aphyocypris is a genus of cyprinid fishes consisting of eight species, all of which are restricted to East Asia.
Fangfangia spinicleithralis is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Indonesia where it is found in the peat swamp forests of Kalimantan Tengah, Borneo. It is the only member of its genus. The genus name Fangfangia honors the Chinese-Swedish ichthyologist Fang Fang Kullander (1962-2010), who specialized in the study of cyprinid fishes.
The silver hatchet chela is a danionins fish in the family Cyprinidae. Endemic in South Asia, it is found in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Myanmar.
Parazacco spilurus, also known as the Predaceous chub, is a species of fish in the family Cyprinidae distributes in the Pearl River system, the Hainan Island and northern Vietnam.
Fang Fang Kullander, née Fang Fang, was a Swedish-Chinese ichthyologist.
Pseudaspius nakamurai is a species of fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to Japan.
Pseudorasbora pugnax is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Honshu, Japan.
