| Heterophragma sulfureum | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Bignoniaceae |
| Genus: | Heterophragma |
| Species: | H. sulfureum |
| Binomial name | |
| Heterophragma sulfureum | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
Haplophragma sulfureum is a tree in the Bignoniaceae family, found in four countries of Southeast Asia. The pods are used as tinder, while the wood is used for light construction and traditional medicine.
The species grows as a 8 to 20m tall tree. [2] It possesses long "sword-shaped" seed pods. Diameter of the trunk measured at the standard breast height is 10.4 cm for a 6.6m tall specimen. [3] The root system grows some 60 to 70 cm deep. The wood density is some 5.21g cm−3.
The wood anatomy of the tree is consistent with the variety of traits in the Bignoniaceae. [4] In Heterophragma sulfureum the following traits are present: diffuse solitary vessels; parenchyma marking growth rings; simple perforation plates; scanty paratracheal axial parenchyma; parenchyma are 3-4 cells per strand, 2-4-seriate short rays (<1mm), homo-heterocellular with 1 row of upright marginal cells; the vessel-ray pitting is similar to intervessel pits; septate fibres are present; crystals are present in rays.
The species is found in the following countries of Southeast Asia: Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar. [1]
The plant grows within dry deciduous forests, in undergrowth and in savannahs. [2] In the dry deciduous forests of central Cambodia, it is found in the subcanopy. [5]
Newinia heterophragmae , a rust fungus in the Phakopsoraceae family is found on the Heterophragma sulfureum in Myanmar. [6]
Rungrang is a local name used in Thailand. [7] In Cambodia the tree is known as srâom daw krâpë (="crocodile scabbard") or srâ âm, Khmer. [2]
The long seed-pods are dried and de-seeded before being used as tinder for fire-lighting in Cambodia, and the wood is used to build huts. [2]
The traditional healers gathering plants in the Polsongkram Community Forest, Non Sung District, eastern Thailand, boil the heartwood in water to produce a treatment for diabetes. [7]
The species was first described by the German-born botanist, Wilhelm Sulpiz Kurz, (1834-1878). [8] His working life including being director of the Botanical Gardens at Bogor, Jawa, and curator of the Herbarium at then Calcutta, India. He published the description in an 1873 issue of the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal .
Areca triandra, the wild areca palm, is a palm which is often used as ornamental plant. It is native to India, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. It is also reportedly naturalized in Panama and in southern China. As a wild plant, it commonly occurs in littoral forest in Southeast Asia.
Sindora siamensis is a species of tree in the subfamily Detarioideae of the family Fabaceae. It has an accepted infraspecific, the variety S. siamensis var. maritima (Pierre) K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen. See taxon box to the right below, and below for details on the variety maritima. The nominate species is found in many countries in tropical Asia. Like several other species in the genus Sindora, its wood is considered valuable; the least concern conservation status may reflect efforts to replant this species, but mortality rates are high. As well as the wood, the plant provides raw material for chemical products, food and drink, and domestic utensils.
Aglaia edulis is a tree species of plant in the family Meliaceae. It occurs in Tropical Asia from India to Yunnan and South-Central China. The wood and timber are used for various purposes.
Shorea obtusa, the Siamese sal, is a species of hardwood tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, native to Southeast Asia.
Elaeocarpus lanceifolius is a tree species in the family Elaeocarpaceae. It is found across tropical Asia from Thailand to Yunnan to Nepal to Karnataka, India. It is used for its wood, fruit, and nuts.
Dipterocarpus intricatus is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae found in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.
Albizia vialeana is an tree species in the Acacia clade of the family Fabaceae, found in parts of Indo-China. Its wood is used for fuel.
Homalium dasyanthum is a tree or shrub in the family Salicaceae. It is found in Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar.
Antidesma japonicum is a shrub in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is found in Southeast Asia, China and Japan. It provides food and fuel. A. japonicum has two accepted varieties: the nominate variety, A. japonicum var. japonicum; and the robustius variety, A. japonicum var. robustius.
The tree Castanopsis pierrei is in the family Fagaceae. It is found in Thailand and Cambodia. It provides fuel, food and crop-shading.
Dendrolobium baccatum is a species of flowering plants in the Fabaceae family. A shrub, it occurs in Mainland Southeast Asia. People use it for food and fuel.
Elaeocarpus thorelii is a tree in the family Elaeocarpaceae, endemic to Cambodia, and used for its wood.
Gluta cambodiana is a shrub/small tree in the family Anacardiaceae. It occurs in parts of Mainland Southeast Asia. Its wood is used for pickets and fuel.
Mallotus plicatus is a tree or shrub in the Euphorbiaceae family, in the Polyadenii section. It occurs in much of Mainland Southeast Asia. It is used for dyeing and in construction.
Mallotus floribundus is a tree in the family Euphorbiaceae, in the Stylanthus section, native to Southeast Asia, Wallaceae, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.
Heterophragma is a genus of two species of tree, constituting part of the plant family Bignoniaceae. The species are found in Southeast Asia and India.
Stixis obtusifolia is a shrub or liana in the Resedaceae family. It is found in parts of Southeast Asia. The wood is used as fuel, the leaves as a tea.
Strychnos nux-blanda is a shrub or small tree in the Loganiaceae family. It is native to Southeast Asia and Assam. The wood is used as fuel; seeds are toxic, but used in folk-medicine. It is one of the plants featured in the garden of King Narai (1633–88) at Lopburi, Thailand.
Xanthophyllum lanceatum is a tree in the Polygalaceae family. It grows across Southeast Asia from Sumatera to Bangladesh. The leaves are used as a hops-substitute in beer making and the wood as fuel. Fish in the Mekong regularly eat the fruit, flowers and leaves.
Liquidambar cambodiana, commonly known as sdey, is a tree in the Altingiaceae family endemic to south west Cambodia.
Additional information can be found in the following: