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Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name Hexane-2,5-dione | |
Other names 1,2-Diacetylethane 'α','β'-Diacetylethane Acetonyl acetone Diacetonyl 2,5-Dioxohexane 2,5-Diketohexane 2,5-Hexanedione | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) | |
ChEBI | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.400 |
EC Number |
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PubChem CID | |
RTECS number |
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UNII | |
UN number | 1224 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
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Properties | |
C6H10O2 | |
Molar mass | 114.1438 g mol−1 |
Appearance | colorless liquid |
Density | 0.973 g cm−3, liquid |
Melting point | −5.5 °C (22.1 °F; 267.6 K) |
Boiling point | 191.4 °C (376.5 °F; 464.5 K) |
≥ 10 g/100 mL (22 °C) | |
−62.51·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Structure | |
trigonal planar at carbonyl tetrahedral elsewhere | |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling: | |
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Warning | |
H315, H319, H373 | |
P260, P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P314, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P501 | |
Flash point | 78 °C (172 °F; 351 K) |
Related compounds | |
Related diketones | acetylacetone |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). |
2,5-Hexanedione (Acetonylacetone) is an aliphatic diketone. It is a colorless liquid. [1] In humans, it is a toxic metabolite of hexane and of 2-hexanone.
The chronic toxicity of hexane is attributed to hexane-2,5-dione. The symptoms are tingling and cramps in the arms and legs, followed by general muscular weakness. In severe cases, atrophy of the skeletal muscles is observed, along with a loss of coordination and vision problems. [2]
Similar symptoms are observed in animal models. They are associated with a degeneration of the peripheral nervous system (and eventually the central nervous system), starting with the distal portions of the longer and wider nerve axons.
2,5-Hexanedione reacts with lysine residues in axonal proteins by Schiff base formation followed by cyclization to give pyrroles. Oxidation of the pyrrole residues then causes cross-linking and denaturation of proteins, which perturbs axonal transport and function and causes damage to nerve cells. [3]
2,5-Hexanedione has been prepared in several ways. [4] A common method involves hydrolysis of 2,5-dimethylfuran, a glucose derived heterocycle. [1]
Acetonylacetone can be used in the synthesis of isocarboxazid, [5] rolgamidine, [6] and mopidralazine. Treatment with P4S10 gives 2,5-dimethylthiophene.