The grayling or rock grayling is a species in the brush-footed butterfly family Nymphalidae. Although found all over Europe, the grayling mostly inhabits coastal areas, with inland populations declining significantly in recent years. The grayling lives in dry and warm habitats with easy access to the sun, which helps them with body temperature regulation.
Friedrich Joseph Adalbert Seitz, was a German physician and entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. He was a director of the Frankfurt zoo from 1893 to 1908 and is best known for editing the multivolume reference on the butterflies and larger moths of the world Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde which continued after his death.
The Madeira pipistrelle is a species of vesper bat. It is endemic to Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands.
Kretania hesperica, the Spanish zephyr blue, is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is endemic to Spain. Its natural habitats are temperate shrubland and temperate grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss. Seitz describes it thus - hesperica Rbr. is above sky-blue instead of violet-blue; from Spain.
Hipparchia azorina, the Azores grayling, is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is endemic to the Azores. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and temperate grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Archon apollinaris is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey.Seitz states-In the North-East of Asia Minor, Goman Olti, and in Armenia a usually smaller, pale and in both sexes sparsely marked mountain-form of Archon apollinus occurs, which is moreover characterized bya reduced marginal band of the hindwing; this is apollinaris Stgr. ; a dwarfed form of the female which is very deeply coloured in contrast to the ordinary form of the female of this subspecies may be called -ab. mardina, under which name it is already known in collections.
Gonepteryx maderensis, the Madeira brimstone, is a species of butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is endemic to Madeira. Its natural habitat is temperate forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Sorbus maderensis, a rowan, is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae. It is endemic to Madeira. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Hipparchia fatua, or Freyer's grayling, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. The species can be found from the Balkans, through Anatolia up to Iran.
Hipparchia hermione, the rock grayling, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. The species can be found in Central Europe, Southern Europe, Eastern Europe, North Africa, Anatolia and the Caucasus.
Melanargia lachesis, the Iberian marbled white, is a butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae. It can be found on the Iberian Peninsula and the south of France.
Craniophora ligustri, the coronet, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found in Europe, through the Palearctic to Japan.
Hipparchia fidia, the striped grayling, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found on the Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic Islands and in south-eastern France and the bordering parts of Italy and North Africa.
Hipparchia syriaca is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Greece especially on the island of Samos, Turkey, Bulgaria, Albania, North Macedonia, Caucasus and Transcaucasia. It is found on the edges of foothills and mountain forests up to 2,000 m
Hipparchia neomiris, the Corsican grayling, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is an endemic species confined to the islands of Corsica, Sardinia and Elba. The Corsican grayling flies in July.
Melanargia arge, the Italian marbled white, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. M. arge Sulz.. Above white, only the submarginal lunate line, the two short bands in the centre and at the apex of the cell, and the beautifully blue-centred ocelli being dark — ab. caeca Stgr. is without ocelli; rare among the preceding. It is an endemic species found only in the southern half of Italy and the eastern half of the Italian island of Sicily. It flies in May and June in a single generation in rocky places with abundant flowers. The caterpillar feeds on grasses.
Leptotes webbianus, the Canary blue, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is endemic to the Canary Islands.
Hipparchia aristaeus, the southern grayling, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It was described by Franco Andrea Bonelli in 1826. It is found in North Africa, southern Europe and Asia Minor. The habitat consists of hot dry rocky areas.
The Madeira rockfish is a species of scorpionfish (Scorpaenidae) in the genus Scorpaena, found in the coastal waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. This species reaches a length of around 14 centimetres (5.5 in) SL. The species was described by Achille Valenciennes in 1833 after a specimen from Madeira. Although S. maderensis is well represented in the areas that it is found, many key aspects of its biology are still unknown.
