| Hoplias australis | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Characiformes |
| Family: | Erythrinidae |
| Genus: | Hoplias |
| Species: | H. australis |
| Binomial name | |
| Hoplias australis | |
Hoplias australis is a predatory freshwater characin fish of the southern Neotropics.
Southern South America, throughout the Rio Uruguay basin, including its tributary Rio Negro, Uruguay where it is endemic. [3]
Osvaldo Oyakawa and George Mattox described Hoplias australis at the same time as Hoplias curupira . [4]
Characidae, the characids or characins, is a family of freshwater subtropical and tropical fish belonging to the order Characiformes. The name "characins" is an historical one, but scientists today tend to prefer "characids" to reflect their status as a, by and large, monophyletic group. To arrive there, this family has undergone much systematic and taxonomic change. Among those fishes remaining in the Characidae currently are the tetras, comprising the very similar genera Hemigrammus and Hyphessobrycon, as well as a few related forms, such as the cave and neon tetras. Fish of this family are important as food in several regions, and also constitute a large percentage of captive freshwater aquarium fish species.
The South American fur seal breeds on the coasts of Peru, Chile, the Falkland Islands, Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. The total population is around 250,000. However, population counts are sparse and outdated. Although Uruguay has long been considered to be the largest population of South American fur seals, recent census data indicates that the largest breeding population of A. a. australis are at the Falkland Islands followed by Uruguay. The population of South American fur seals in 1999 was estimated at 390,000, a drop from a 1987 estimate of 500,000 - however a paucity of population data, combined with inconsistent census methods, makes it difficult to interpret global population trends.
Hypostomus is a genus of catfish in the family Loricariidae. They are native to tropical and subtropical South America. H. plecostomus is the popular freshwater aquarium fish formerly known as Plecostomus plecostomus. The taxonomic structure of the Loricariidae is still being expanded by scientists. Hypostomus is a highly species-rich and widely distributed catfish genus.
Corydoras is a genus of freshwater catfish in the family Callichthyidae and subfamily Corydoradinae. The species usually have more restricted areas of endemism than other callichthyids, but the area of distribution of the entire genus almost equals the area of distribution of the family, except for Panama where Corydoras is not present. Corydoras species are distributed in South America where they can be found from the east of the Andes to the Atlantic coast, from Trinidad to the Río de la Plata drainage in northern California River.
Hyphessobrycon is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Characidae. These species are among the fishes known as tetras. The genus is distributed in the Neotropical realm from southern Mexico to Río de la Plata in Argentina. Many of these species are native to South America; about six species are from Central America and a single species, H. compressus is from southern Mexico.
Gymnogeophagus is a genus of cichlid fishes from South America, where they are known from various river basins in southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina. They are part of a group popularly known as eartheaters.
Salminus brasiliensis, also known as the golden dorado, dorado, river tiger, dourado, or jaw characin is a large, predatory characiform freshwater fish found in central and east-central South America. Despite having Salminus in its name, the dorado is not related to any species of salmon, nor to the saltwater fish also called dorado. It is very popular among recreational anglers and supports large commercial fisheries.
Harttia is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America.
Basilichthys australis is a species of Neotropical silverside fish which ist endemic to Chile from the Rio Maipo south to Chiloé Island.
Pseudotocinclus tietensis is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it occurs in many tributaries of the upper Tietê basin. It is found both in small creeks and medium size rivers such as the Paraitinga River, a tributary of the rio Tietê, where it lives grazing on semisubmersed overhanging plants. It is also found in the Rio Jurubatuba, a small sized river which drains to the Billings Dam near Vila de Paranapiacaba, Santo André. This species can be found attached to the grass along the river margin and in the middle of the river among rocks and pieces of wood in fast current water. This species grows to a length of 6 centimetres (2.4 in) SL.
Hoplias aimara, also known as anjumara, traíra, trahira, manjuma, anjoemara and giant wolf fish, is a species of freshwater fish found in the rivers of South America. In Amazonia, the native populations are concerned by high levels of mercury contamination which have been linked to the consumption of contaminated fish. H. aimara is a good bioindicator of such contamination.
Hoplias is a genus of fish in the family Erythrinidae found in Central and South America.
Hoplias malabaricus, also known as the wolf fish, tiger fish, guabine or trahira, is a predatory Central and South American freshwater ray-finned fish of the characiform family Erythrinidae.
Hoplias curupira, also known as the black wolf-fish, has a wide distribution in the Amazon basin but was described as recently as 2009.
Hoplias brasiliensis is a species of trahiras. It is a benthopelagic, tropical freshwater fish which is known from coastal rivers in northeastern Brazil, including the Paraguaçu River in Bahia, the Pardo River, the Jequitinhonha River in Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo, and the Contas River. Male H. brasiliensis can reach a maximum length of 20.3 centimetres (8.0 in).
Hoplias lacerdae is a predatory freshwater characin fish from South America. They are commonly known are trairão in Brazilian Portuguese.
Hoplias microcephalus is a species of trahiras. It is a tropical, benthopelagic freshwater fish which is known to inhabit the São Francisco River in Brazil. Males can reach a maximum length of 35.6 cm (14.0 in).
Hoplias microlepis is a species of trahira found in Central and South America.
Ectrepopterus uruguayensis is a small species of characin originally recorded only from streams in Uruguay, with occasional sightings in Brazil and Argentina. It is the only known member of the genus Ectrepopterus, which was formerly a subgenus of Megalamphodus. Given its restricted range, it is considered a rare fish, and is of note for conservation researchers interested in preserving the biodiversity of the region.
Priocharax nanus is a minute species of fish native to the Rio Negro, Brazil. The species, which has a skeleton of cartilage, is almost completely transparent. It grows to a maximum length of 15.6 millimeters.
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