| Hoplias australis | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Characiformes |
| Family: | Erythrinidae |
| Genus: | Hoplias |
| Species: | H. australis |
| Binomial name | |
| Hoplias australis | |
Hoplias australis is a predatory freshwater characin fish of the southern Neotropics.
Southern South America, throughout the Rio Uruguay basin, including its tributary Rio Negro, Uruguay where it is endemic. [2]
Osvaldo Oyakawa and George Mattox described Hoplias austalis at the same time as Hoplias curupira . [3]
Characiformes is an order of ray-finned fish, comprising the characins and their allies. Grouped in 18 recognized families, more than 2000 different species are described, including the well-known piranha and tetras.
Characidae, the characids or characins is a family of freshwater subtropical and tropical fish, belonging to the order Characiformes. The name "characins" is the historical one, but scientists today tend to prefer "characids" to reflect their status as a by and large monophyletic group at family rank. To arrive there, this family has undergone much systematic and taxonomic change. Among those fishes that remain in the Characidae for the time being are the tetras, comprising the very similar genera Hemigrammus and Hyphessobrycon, as well as a few related forms such as the cave and neon tetras. Fish of this family are important as food and also include popular aquarium fish species.
The southern right whale is a baleen whale, one of three species classified as right whales belonging to the genus Eubalaena. Southern right whales inhabit oceans south of the Equator, between the latitudes of 20° and 60° south. In 2009 the global population was estimated to be approximately 13,600.
Caiman is a genus of caimans within the alligatorid subfamily Caimaninae. They inhabit Central and South America. They are relatively small sized crocodilians, with all species reaching lengths of only a few meters and weighing 6 to 40 kg on average.
The South American fur seal breeds on the coasts of Peru, Chile, the Falkland Islands, Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. The total population is around 250,000. However, population counts are sparse and outdated. Although Uruguay has long been considered to be the largest population of South American fur seals, recent census data indicates that the largest breeding population of A. a. australis are at the Falkland Islands followed by Uruguay. The population of South American fur seals in 1999 was estimated at 390,000, a drop from a 1987 estimate of 500,000 - however a paucity of population data, combined with inconsistent census methods, makes it difficult to interpret global population trends.
Hypostomus is a genus of catfish in the family Loricariidae. They are native to tropical and subtropical South America. H. plecostomus is the popular freshwater aquarium fish formerly known as Plecostomus plecostomus. There is a lot of confusion as to the precise taxonomic structure of the Loricariidae.
Corydoras is a genus of freshwater catfish in the family Callichthyidae and subfamily Corydoradinae. The species usually have more restricted areas of endemism than other callichthyids, but the area of distribution of the entire genus almost equals the area of distribution of the family, except for Panama where Corydoras is not present. Corydoras species are distributed in South America where they can be found from the east of the Andes to the Atlantic coast, from Trinidad to the Río de la Plata drainage in northern Argentina. Species assigned to Corydoras display a broad diversity of body shapes and coloration. Corydoras are small fish, ranging from 2.5 to 12 cm in SL., and are protected from predators by their body armor and by their sharp, typically venomous spines.
Hyphessobrycon is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Characidae. These species are among the fishes known as tetras. The genus is distributed in the Neotropical realm from southern Mexico to Río de la Plata in Argentina. Many of these species are native to South America; about six species are from Central America and a single species, H. compressus is from southern Mexico.
Gymnogeophagus is a genus of cichlid fishes from South America, where they are known from various river basins in southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina. They are part of a group popularly known as eartheaters.
The Hypoptopomatinae are a subfamily of catfishes of the family Loricariidae, composed of 17 genera and approximately 80 species. This subfamily represents about one-tenth of all loricariid species.
Pimelodus is a genus of fish in the family Pimelodidae native to Central and South America.
Harttia is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America.
Pseudotocinclus tietensis is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it occurs in many tributaries of the upper Tietê basin. It is found both in small creeks and medium size rivers such as the Paraitinga River, a tributary of the rio Tietê, where it lives grazing on semisubmersed overhanging plants. It is also found in the Rio Jurubatuba, a small sized river which drains to the Billings Dam near Vila de Paranapiacaba, Santo André. This species can be found attached to the grass along the river margin and in the middle of the river among rocks and pieces of wood in fast current water. This species grows to a length of 6 centimetres (2.4 in) SL.
The Ribeira de Iguape River, or simply the Ribeira River, is a river of Paraná and São Paulo states in southeastern Brazil. It flows into the Atlantic Ocean near Iguape. The river is home to several endemic species of fish. So far no dams have been built on the river, although four have been proposed. Although it flows through a relatively sparsely populated region with untouched areas of Atlantic Forest, the river has been contaminated with heavy metals from mining beyond the point where it is considered safe to eat the molluscs found in the river and its estuary.
Hoplias is a genus of fish in the family Erythrinidae found in Central and South America.
Hoplias curupira, also known as the black wolf-fish, has a wide distribution in the Amazon basin but was described as recently as 2009.
Hoplias brasiliensis is a species of trahiras. It is a benthopelagic, tropical freshwater fish which is known from coastal rivers in northeastern Brazil, including the Paraguaçu River in Bahia, the Pardo River, the Jequitinhonha River in Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo, and the Contas River. Male H. brasiliensis can reach a maximum length of 20.3 centimetres.
Hoplias lacerdae is a predatory freshwater characin fish from South America. The are commonly known are trairão in Brazilian Portuguese.
Hoplias microlepis is a species of trahira found in Central and South America.
Priocharax nanus is a minute species of fish native to the Rio Negro, Brazil. The species, which has a skeleton of cartilage, is almost completely transparent. It grows to a maximum length of 15.6 millimeters.
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