Hundred of Yatala

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Yatala
South Australia
Walkley heights old hut.JPG
The Dry Creek watercourse in the suburb of Walkley Heights
Australia South Australia location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Yatala
Coordinates 34°49′S138°40′E / 34.82°S 138.66°E / -34.82; 138.66
Established29 October 1846
County Adelaide
Lands administrative divisions around Yatala:
Port Adelaide Munno Para Para Wirra
Port Adelaide Yatala Talunga
Gulf St Vincent Adelaide Onkaparinga

The Hundred of Yatala is a cadastral unit of hundred in South Australia covering much of the Adelaide metropolitan area north of the River Torrens. [1] [2] It is one of the eleven hundreds of the County of Adelaide stretching from the Torrens in the south to the Little Para River in the north; and spanning from the coast in the west to the Adelaide foothills in the east. It is roughly bisected from east to west by Dry Creek. [3] It was named in 1846 by Governor Frederick Robe, Yatala being likely derived from yartala, a Kaurna word [4] referring to the flooded state of the plain either side of Dry Creek after heavy rain. [5] [6]

Contents

Etymology

Contemporary Australian linguists believe the name "Yatala" is derived from "yartala", a Kaurna word which likely means "water running by the side of a river" or "inundation" or "cascade" or similar. [7] [6] South Australian historian Geoff Manning has implied that this refers to the swampy morass that occurred when heavy rain inundated the usually-dry plain either side of Dry Creek. [5] The descriptive term "yartala" is thought to have been "co-opted by the colonists [as "Yatala"] in their endeavours to name [various] things including a government schooner," [7] the Yatala , in 1865.

According to Rob Amery (2009), "Yatala" had been used as a place name by white settlers of the Adelaide Plains since 1836, [6] referring initially to the River Torrens (called Yertala by the Kaurna people while in flood) and later to the land north of the Torrens, stretching from the coast at Port Adelaide to the foothills at Tea Tree Gully. [8] Yatala was thus a natural choice for the land administration division in 1846.

Plan of the Hundred of Yatala, 1957 Hundred of Yatala, 1957 (23487679250).jpg
Plan of the Hundred of Yatala, 1957

Local government

The Adelaide City council was established in 1842, bringing local government to North Adelaide and the north parklands on the south edge of the hundred. The District Council of Hindmarsh was established in June 1853 and encompassed all the land south west of modern Torrens Road and south of the future portside councils of Queenstown and Alberton and Glanville. The District Council of Yatala was established days later and occupied a large central portion of the hundred as well as eastern parts of the Hundred of Port Adelaide. It approximately extended from modern Torrens Road and the North Arm of Barker Inlet in the west to the west border of the modern Tea Tree Gully council in the east. Shortly thereafter, in July of the same year, the District Council of Highercombe was established in the east of the hundred, bringing the whole hundred under local governance.

As various parts of the original District Council of Yatala were separated — parts north of Dry Creek for Salisbury council and parts in the south for Walkerville and Prospect councils — the original name of 'Yatala' was obscured and finally lost (to local government) when the last remaining namesake, Yatala South council was renamed in 1935 to Enfield. [9]

The following local government areas of South Australia are situated inside (or largely inside) the bounds of the hundred as of 2017:

Parts of the Adelaide Hills Council area (Paracombe, Houghton, Upper Hermitage and Lower Hermitage, west of Millbrook and Inglewood) and the City of Playford (Sampson Flat west of Shillabeer Road) also overlap the far eastern portion of the hundred.

See also

Related Research Articles

The Kaurna people are a group of Aboriginal people whose traditional lands include the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. They were known as the Adelaide tribe by the early settlers. Kaurna culture and language were almost completely destroyed within a few decades of the British colonisation of South Australia in 1836. However, extensive documentation by early missionaries and other researchers has enabled a modern revival of both language and culture. The phrase Kaurna meyunna means "Kaurna people".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">River Torrens</span> River in Australia

The River Torrens is the most significant river of the Adelaide Plains. It was one of the main reasons for the siting of the city of Adelaide, capital of South Australia. It flows 85 kilometres (53 mi) from its source in the Adelaide Hills near Mount Pleasant, across the Adelaide Plains, past the city centre and empties into Gulf St Vincent between Henley Beach South and West Beach. The upper stretches of the river and the reservoirs in its watershed supply a significant part of the city's water supply.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yatala Labour Prison</span>

Yatala Labour Prison is a high-security men's prison located in the north-eastern part of the northern Adelaide suburb Northfield, South Australia. It was built in 1854 to enable prisoners to work at Dry Creek, quarrying rock for roads and construction. Originally known as The Stockade of Dry Creek or just The Stockade, it acquired its current name from a local Kaurna word relating to inundation by water, which was used for the Hundred of Yatala.

Kaurna is a Pama-Nyungan language historically spoken by the Kaurna peoples of the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. The Kaurna peoples are made up of various tribal clan groups, each with their own parnkarra district of land and local dialect. These dialects were historically spoken in the area bounded by Crystal Brook and Clare in the north, Cape Jervis in the south, and just over the Mount Lofty Ranges. Kaurna ceased to be spoken on an everyday basis in the 19th century and the last known native speaker, Ivaritji, died in 1929. Language revival efforts began in the 1980s, with the language now frequently used for ceremonial purposes, such as dual naming and welcome to country ceremonies.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hundred of Noarlunga</span> Cadastral in South Australia

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References

  1. "Hundred of Yatala". Property Location Browser. Government of South Australia. SA0030790. Archived from the original on 7 December 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  2. "South Australia hundred maps (Yatala)". Surveyor General's Office. 1957. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  3. South Australia hundred maps 1:63 360. Surveyor General's Office. 1867.
  4. Amery, Rob (2016). "Chapter 8. Kaurna in Society". Warraparna Kaurna!: Reclaiming an Australian language. University of Adelaide Press. p. 204. JSTOR   10.20851/j.ctt1sq5wgq.18 . Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  5. 1 2 Geoff, Manning (1990). "Manning's Place Names of South Australia". Manning Index of South Australian History. State Library of South Australia. Retrieved 28 February 2007. A Kaurna tribal word meaning 'water running by the side of a river'. In winter, when water flowed from the hills, over the plains, the Dry Creek area became a morass.
  6. 1 2 3 Amery, Rob (March 2009), "Chapter 12. Weeding Out Spurious Etymologies: Toponyms On The Adelaide Plains" (PDF), in Hercus, Luise; Hodges, Flavia; Simpson, Jane (eds.), The Land is a Map: Placenames of Indigenous Origin in Australia, ANU Press, p. 165-180, ISBN   978-1-921536-57-1, Yatala most likely derives from yertalla 'water running by the side of a river; inundation; cascade'. As Manning (1986:238) observes 'in winter when water flowed from the hills, over the plains, the Dry Creek area became a morass'.
  7. 1 2 Amery, Rob; Buckskin, Vincent (Jack) Kanya (March 2009), "Chapter 10. Pinning down Kaurna names: Linguistic issues arising in the development of the Kaurna Placenames Database" (PDF), in Hercus, Luise; Hodges, Flavia; Simpson, Jane (eds.), The Land is a Map: Placenames of Indigenous Origin in Australia, ANU Press, p. 202-203, ISBN   978-1-921536-57-1
  8. The Official civic record of South Australia : centenary year, 1936. Adelaide: Universal Publicity Company. 1936. p. 32. According to Mr. [Rodney] Cockburn "Yatala" was the name applied by the Weera tribe of aborigines to the country north of the Torrens to the Little Para.
  9. Marsden, Susan (2012). "A History of South Australian Councils to 1936" (PDF). Local Government Association of South Australia. Retrieved 23 February 2016.